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business
managerial accounting

Questions and Answers of Managerial Accounting

You have the opportunity to expand your business by purchasing new equipment for $189,000. You expect to incur fixed costs of $96,000 per year to use this new equipment, and you expect to incur
Anna's Bakery plans to purchase a new oven with an estimated useful life of four years. The estimated pretax cash flows for the oven are as shown in the table that follows, with no anticipated change
Lethbridge Company runs hardware stores in Alberta. Lethbridge's management estimates that if it invests $160,000 in a new computer system, it can save $60,000 in annual cash operating costs. The
To be sure that you understand how to use the tables in Appendix A at the end of this book, solve the following exercises. Ignore income tax considerations.Required1. You have just won $5,000. How
“Managers’ control of job projects generally focuses on four critical success factors.” Identify those factors.
List and briefly describe the five major categories of cash flows included in capital investment projects.
“The trouble with discounted cash flow techniques is that they ignore depreciation costs.” Do you agree? Explain.
The following conversation occurred between Brian Richardson, plant manager at Glendale Engineering, and Charles Cheng, plant controller. Glendale manufactures automotive component parts, such as
Copeland Sporting Goods is evaluating two suppliers of footballs: Big Red and Quality Sports. Pertinent information about each potential supplier follows:RequiredCalculate the relevant costs of
Assume the same facts as in Problem 19-33 except now there are only two trigger points: the completion of good finished units of product and the sale of finished goods.Required1. Prepare summary
The Acton Corporation manufactures electrical meters. For August, there were no beginning inventories of direct materials and no beginning or ending work in process. Acton uses a JIT production
MacroHard Corp. produces J-Pods, music players that can download thousands of songs. MacroHard forecasts that demand in 2017 will be 48,000 J-Pods. The variable production cost of each J-Pod is $50.
Assume the same facts as in Exercise 19-24, except now Road Warrior uses only two trigger points, the completion of good finished units of product and the sale of finished goods. Any under- or
Assume the same facts as in Exercise 19-23, except that Road Warrior now uses a backflush costing system with the following two trigger points:■ Purchase of direct materials.■ Sale of finished
Assume the same facts as in Exercise 19-23, except that Road Warrior now uses a backflush costing system with the following two trigger points:■ Purchase of direct materials.■ Sale of finished
What are the main features in a JIT production system?
What five assumptions are made when using the simplest version of the economic order quantity (EOQ) decision model?
Blue Titanium (BT) Corporation is a manufacturer of computer chips based in Nepean. It manufactures two types of computer chips, CS1 and CS2. The costs of manufacturing each CS1 chip, excluding
Refer to the information in Problem 18-35. Suppose Rounder determines standard costs of $246 per (equivalent) unit for direct materials and $96 per (equivalent) unit for conversion costs for both
Refer to the information in Problem 18-35.RequiredRepeat question 1 from Problem 18-35 using the FIFO method of process costing.Data From Exercise 18-35:Rounder specializes in the manufacture of ball
Refer to the information in Problem 18-35.RequiredRepeat question 1 from Problem 18-35 using the FIFO method of process costing.Data From Exercise 18-35:Rounder specializes in the manufacture of ball
Refer to the information in Problem 18-32 except for the transferred-in costs for May, which equal the total cost of good units completed and transferred out in May from the cleaning department,
Refer to the information in Exercise 18-24.RequiredDo Exercise 18-24 using the FIFO method of process costing.Data From Exercise 18-24:Chipcity Inc. is a fast-growing manufacturer of computer chips.
For the data in Exercise 18-19, use the FIFO method to summarize total costs to account for, calculate the cost per equivalent unit for direct materials and conversion costs, and assign total costs
For the data in Exercise 18-17, summarize total costs to account for, calculate the cost per equivalent unit for direct materials and conversion costs, and assign total costs to units completed and
“The costs of reworking defective units are always charged to the specific jobs where the defects were originally discovered.” Do you agree? Explain.
“The point of inspection is the key to the allocation of spoilage costs.” Do you agree? Explain.
“In accounting for spoiled goods, we are dealing with cost assignment rather than cost incurrence.” Explain.
Distinguish among spoilage, reworked units, and scrap.
Do Problem 17-36 using the FIFO method of process costing. If you did Problem 17-36, explain any difference between the cost of work completed and transferred out and the cost of ending work in
Prepare a set of summarized journal entries for all April transactions affecting Work in Process Assembly. Set up a T-account for Work in Process—Assembly, and post the entries to it.Data From
Refer to the information in Problem 17-34. Suppose that Larsen Corp. uses the FIFO method instead of the weightedaverage method in all of its departments. The only changes to Problem 17-34 under the
Do Problem 17-31 using the FIFO method of process costing. Explain any difference between the cost per equivalent unit in the assembly department under the weighted-average method and the FIFO
For the data in Exercise 17-26, use the FIFO method to summarize total costs to account for, calculate cost per equivalent unit for direct materials and conversion costs, and assign total costs to
Refer to the information in Exercise 17-26. Suppose the assembly division at Fenton Watches Inc. uses the FIFO method of process costing instead of the weighted average method.RequiredCompute
For the data in Exercise 17-26, summarize total costs to account for, calculate cost per equivalent unit for direct materials and conversion costs, and assign total costs to units completed (and
Refer to the information in Exercise 17-24. Suppose that Asaya uses the FIFO method instead of the weighted-average method in all of its departments. The only changes to Exercise 17-24 under the FIFO
Refer to the information in Exercise 17-19. Suppose the assembly division uses the FIFO method of process costing instead of the weighted-average method.Required1. Compute equivalent units for direct
For the data in Exercise 17-19, use the FIFO method to summarize total costs to account for, and assign these costs to units completed and transferred out, and to units in ending work in process.Data
For the data in Exercise 17-19, summarize total costs to account for, and assign these costs to units completed (and transferred out) and to units in ending work in process.Data From Exercise
Refer to the information in Exercise 17-16. Suppose Bio Doc determines standard costs of $6.60 per equivalent unit for direct materials and $10.40 per equivalent unit for conversion costs for both
Roary Chemicals has a mixing department and a refining department. Its process-costing system in the mixing department has two direct materials cost categories (Chemical P and Chemical Q) and one
Refer to requirement 2 of Exercise 17-13.RequiredPrepare summary journal entries for the use of direct materials and incurrence of conversion costs. Also prepare a journal entry to transfer out the
A&A Inc. is a manufacturer of digital cameras. It has two departments: assembly and testing. In January 2015, the company incurred $750,000 on direct materials and $798,000 on conversion costs,
“Transferred-in costs are those incurred in the preceding accounting period.” Do you agree? Explain.
Give three examples of industries that often use process-costing systems.
Why might some companies choose not to compute market-size and market-share variances?
Royston Inc. is a large food processing company. It processes 120,000 kilograms of peanuts in the Peanuts Department at a cost of $160,000 to yield 10,000 kilograms of product A, 60,000 kilograms of
Newcastle Mining Company (NMC) mines coal, puts it through a one-step crushing process, and loads the bulk raw coal onto river barges for shipment to customers.NMC’s management is currently
Sinclair Oil & Gas, a large energy conglomerate, jointly processes purchased hydrocarbons to generate three nonsaleable intermediate products: ICR8, ING4, and XGE3. These intermediate products
Instant Foods produces two types of microwavable products—beef-flavoured ramen and shrimp-flavoured ramen. The two products share common inputs such as noodles and spices. The production of ramen
Convad Company is one of the world’s leading corn refiners. It produces two joint products, corn syrup and corn starch, using a common production process. In July 2015, Convad reported the
The Bow River Company has prepared division overhead budgets for budgeted-volume levels before allocations as follows:Management has decided that the most appropriate inventory costs are achieved by
What is one key method to avoid disputes over allocation of support costs with respect to government contracts?
What is theoretically the most defensible method for allocating service division costs?
“To ensure unbiased cost allocations, fixed indirect costs should be allocated on the basis of estimated long-run use by user division managers.” Do you agree? Why?
What are four purposes of cost allocation?
“I am going to focus on the customers of my business and leave cost allocation issues to my accountant.” Do you agree with this comment by a division president?
Refer to the information for Dransfield Company in Exercise 13-31.Required1. Calculate the amount and cost of unused capacity for:a. Manufacturingb. Sales and customer servicec. AdvertisingIf you are
Dransfield Company manufactures an electronic component, ZP98. This component is significantly less expensive than similar products sold by Dransfield’s competitors. Order-processing time is very
Dransfield Company manufactures an electronic component, ZP98. This component is significantly less expensive than similar products sold by Dransfield’s competitors. Order-processing time is very
“We are already measuring total factor productivity. Measuring partial productivity would be of no value.” Do you agree? Comment briefly.
What is the difference between a stakeholder and a shareholder?
Describe three key components of a strategic analysis of operating income.
Define strategy.
Baker Inc. is preparing to submit a bid for a ball-bearings order. Greg Lazarus, controller of the Bearings Division of Baker, has asked Maria Decker, the cost analyst, to prepare the bid. To
Digital Arts Inc. manufactures game systems. Digital Arts has decided to create and market a new system with wireless controls and excellent video graphics. Digital Arts’s managers are thinking of
What is life-cycle budgeting?
Hernandez Corporation is bidding on a new construction contract, here called Contract No. 1. If the bid is accepted, work will begin in a few days, on January 1, 2016. Contract No. 1 requires a
Lynn Hardt, a management accountant with the Paibec Corporation, is evaluating whether a component, MTR-2000, should continue to be manufactured by Paibec or purchased from Marley Company, an outside
Larry Miller, the general manager of Basil Software, scheduled a meeting on June 2, 2016, with Nicole Nguyen, sales manager, Andy Ayim, accountant, and Ellen Eisner, software operations manager, to
The Beach Comber is a take-out food store at a popular beach resort. Susan Sexton, owner of the Beach Comber, is deciding how much refrigerator space to devote to four different drinks. Pertinent
The Svenson Corporation manufactures cellular modems. It manufactures its own cellular modem circuit boards (CMCB), an important part of the cellular modem. It reports the following cost information
“All future costs are relevant.” Do you agree? Explain briefly.
Define opportunity cost.
Evaluating multiple regression models, not-for-profit.InstructionsForm groups of two or more students to complete the following requirements:Required1. Given your findings in Problem 10-32, should
Two graduates of the university run M&S Java, and they have just opened their take-out coffee and snack bar on the university campus. At the end of their first month of operations they want to
Below are the input and results of an OLS linear regression. The president of a specialty fruit juice company believed that for every single degree change in average temperature during the summer
Ken Howard, financial analyst at JVR Corporation, a manufacturer of precision parts, is examining the behaviour of quarterly maintenance costs for budgeting purposes. Howard collects data on
“All independent variables in a cost function estimated with regression analysis are cost drivers.” Do you agree?
Discuss the conference method for estimating a cost function. What are advantages of this method?
What is a linear cost function? Describe three alternative linear cost functions.
“Differences in operating income between variable and absorption costing are due solely to accounting for fixed costs.” Do you agree? Explain.
Why is the term direct costing a misnomer for variable costing?
The following information for 2015 is for Morgan Corporation, which uses standard costing:Required1. Calculate variable overhead rate variance and efficiency variance.2. Calculate fixed overhead rate
1. Prepare appropriate journal entries for variable and fixed manufacturing overhead (you will need to calculate the different variances to accomplish this).2. Overhead variances may be used to
The Singapore division of a Canadian telecommunications company uses a standard cost system for its machine-based production of telephone equipment. Data regarding production during June are as
French Bread Company also allocates fixed manufacturing overhead to products on the basis of standard direct manufacturing labour-hours. For 2015, fixed manufacturing overhead was budgeted at $4.00
Provide one caution that will affect whether a production-volume variance is a good measure of the economic cost of unused capacity.
Explain how the analysis of fixed overhead costs differs for (a) planning and control on the one hand and (b) inventory costing for financial reporting on the other.
Assume variable manufacturing overhead is allocated using machine-hours. Give three possible reasons for a $30,000 favourable variable overhead efficiency variance.
Prepare journal entries and post them to T-accounts for all transactions in Exercise 7-25, including requirement 2. Summarize how these journal entries differ from normal costing entries.Data From
Consider the following data collected for Blakes Construction Trailers:RequiredCompute the rate, efficiency, and flexible-budget variances for direct materials and direct manufacturing labour.
Connor Company’s budgeted prices for direct materials, direct manufacturing labour, and direct marketing (distribution) labour per attaché case are $40, $8, and $12, respectively. The president is
A number of terms are listed below:RequiredSelect the terms from the above list to complete the following sentences.The question is whether or not the actual results met expectations, exceeded
Describe three reasons for an unfavourable direct manufacturing labour efficiency variance.
Describe why direct materials rate variance and direct materials efficiency variance may be computed with reference to different points in time.
List three causes of a favourable materials rate variance.
The Suzuki Company in Japan has a division that manufactures two-wheel motorcycles. Its budgeted sales for Model G in 2016 are 985,000 units. Suzuki's target ending inventory is 115,000 units, and
Consider each of the following independent situations:1. A very successful salesperson at Amcorp Computers regularly ignores the published sales catalogue and offers lowered prices to customers in

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