Show that the condition for equilibrium in a closed isothermal system, one part of which is maintained at P^I and the remainder at P^II, is that the function G′ = U − TS + P^I V^I + P^IIV^II be a minimum (here V^I and V^II are the volumes of the portions of the system maintained at P^I and P^II, respectively). Then show that Eq.11.5-1 is the condition for osmotic equilibrium.

Transcribed Image Text:

folvent = solvent (11.5-1)