The first and second ionization energies of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine atoms are listed in the table in Exercise 1F.9.

Explain why the first ionization energy of chlorine is much greater than that of sulfur, whereas their second ionization energies are nearly the same.

Exercise 1F.9

The first and second ionization energies of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine atoms are listed in the following table. Explain why the first ionization energies of phosphorus and sulfur are nearly the same, whereas the second ionization energy of sulfur is much greater than that of phosphorus.

Transcribed Image Text:

P S Cl 1₁/(kJ.mol-¹) 1011 1000 1255 I₂/(kJ.mol-¹) 1903 2251 2296