How does gender and occupational prestige impact credibility? Graduate students in a public health program are asked to rate the strength of a paper concerning the health risks of childhood obesity. All 30 student raters are given the same paper to evaluate, except that the name and degrees associated with the author have been manipulated by a social researcher. The student raters are randomly assigned to one of six groups, with each group receiving a paper written by a combination of either a male name (“John Forrest”) or female name (“Joan Forrest”) followed by one of three degrees (M.D., R.N., or Ph.D.). The raters are asked to rate the paper from 1 to 5 on clarity, 1 to 5 on strength of argument, and 1 to 5 on thoroughness. The total rating scores (the sum of the three subscores) are given as follows for each student rater in each of the six groups.

a. Plot the means for the six groups on a chart with degree on the horizontal axis, mean rating on the vertical axis, and separate lines for each gender.
b. Using two-way analysis of variance, test if gender of author, author’s degree, and their interaction impact on the ratings.

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M.D. 12 15 13 15 14 John Forrest R.N. 81708 11 Ph.D. M.D. 15 10 10 8 13 12 9 12 14 12 Joan Forrest R.N. 11 8 9 11 7 Ph.D. 11 H=288 11 12