All Matches
Solution Library
Expert Answer
Textbooks
Search Textbook questions, tutors and Books
Oops, something went wrong!
Change your search query and then try again
Toggle navigation
FREE Trial
S
Books
FREE
Tutors
Study Help
Expert Questions
Accounting
General Management
Mathematics
Finance
Organizational Behaviour
Law
Physics
Operating System
Management Leadership
Sociology
Programming
Marketing
Database
Computer Network
Economics
Textbooks Solutions
Accounting
Managerial Accounting
Management Leadership
Cost Accounting
Statistics
Business Law
Corporate Finance
Finance
Economics
Auditing
Ask a Question
Search
Search
Sign In
Register
study help
engineering
introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics
Questions and Answers of
Introduction To Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
(a) The following equations have been proposed to represent activity coefficient data for a system at fixed \(T\) and \(P\).\[ \begin{aligned} & \ln \gamma_{1}=x_{2}^{2}\left(0.5+2 x_{1}\right) \\ &
The pressure of a gas is given by \(P=\frac{10}{V}\), where \(P\) is in atm and \(V\) is in L. If the gas expands from 10 to \(50 \mathrm{~L}\) and undergoes an increase in internal energy of \(200
Show that the Joule-Thomson coefficient of a gas\[ \mu=\frac{V}{C_{P}}(T \beta-1) \]where \(\beta\) is the coefficient of volume expansion and others have their usual meanings.
Deduce the Gibbs-Duhem equation in light of chemical potential to a multi-component system.
Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change and the equilibrium constant at \(1 \mathrm{bar}\) and \(298 \mathrm{~K}\) for the ammonia synthesis reaction\[ \mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+3
(a) Derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation in the study of the vaporization process of a pure substance.(b) In a frictionless piston-cylinder assembly, an ideal gas undergoes a compression process
Calculate the equilibrium constant for the vapour phase hydration of ethylene at \(145^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The following data are given:\[ \frac{C_{P}}{R}=A+B T+C T^{2}+\frac{D}{T^{2}} \] A B x 103
(a) With the help of the \(\mathrm{T}-\mathrm{S}\) diagram, explain the working principle of a vapourcompression refrigeration system. Derive the expression for its C.O.P.(b) An inventor claims to
Calculate the equilibrium constant for the vapour phase hydration of ethylene at \(145^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The following data are given:\[ \frac{C_{P}}{R}=A+B T+C T^{2}+\frac{D}{T^{2}} \] CH4 (g)
The following equations have been proposed to represent activity coefficient data for a system at fixed \(T\) and \(P\) :\[ \begin{aligned} & \ln \gamma_{1}=x_{2}^{2}\left(0.5+2 x_{1}\right) \\ & \ln
(a) In a binary liquid system, the enthalpy of species 1 and 2 at constant temperature and pressure is represented by the following equation:\[ H=400 x_{1}+600 x_{2}+x_{1} x_{2}\left(40 x_{1}+20
A rigid and insulated tank of volume of \(2 \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) is divided into two equal compartments by a partition. One compartment contains an ideal gas at \(400 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(3
What is the standard Gibbs' free energy change of a chemical reaction and how is it related to equilibrium constant?
Derive the relation between the second virial coefficient of van der Waals equation of state with ' \(a\) ' and ' \(b\) '.
Find the change in entropy of an equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
Prove the following relation between fugacity and pressure:\[ \ln \left(\frac{f}{P}\right)=\int_{0}^{p} \frac{z-1}{p} d p \]where, \(z=\) two parameter compressibility factor.
Consider the dissociation of 1 mole of nitrogen tetroxide according to the following reaction:\[ \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NO}_{2} \]Prove that the equilibrium constant in
(a) Distinguish between (i) Intensive and extensive properties (ii) Reversible and irreversible processes.(b) An ideal gas ( \(C_{P}=5 \mathrm{kcal} / \mathrm{kmol}\) and \(\left.C_{V}=3
(a) What are the conditions when maximum and minimum boiling azeotropes are formed? Prove that for a closed multi-component system, in equilibrium, chemical potential of a component in all phases is
(a) Deduce Gibbs-Duhem relation.(b) A binary liquid mixture of (i) benzene and (ii) toluene is at 760 torr. Vapour pressures of benzene and toluene are represented by the Antoine equation.\[
(a) What are the criteria based on which refrigerant is chosen for refrigeration? Explain the absorption refrigeration with a flow diagram. Determine the expression of performance efficiency of an
Applying the criterion for equilibrium, derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Deduce the Gibbs-Duhem-Margules equation for a binary solution starting from Raoult's law.
A binary liquid mixture consists of \(60 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent ethylene and \(40 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent propylene. At \(423 \mathrm{~K}\), the vapour pressure of ethylene and propylene are
The pure component vapour pressure of two organic liquids \(\mathrm{X}\) and \(\mathrm{Y}\) by Antoine equations are given by\[ \ln P_{1}^{\text {Sat }}=14.35-\frac{2942}{T+220} \]and\[
The vapour pressure of acetone, acetonitrile and nitromethane can be represented by Antoine equations as\[ \begin{aligned} & \ln P_{1}^{\text {Sat }}=14.3916-\frac{2795.82}{T+230.0} \\ & \ln
For the system methanol (1)-methyl acetate (2), the activity coefficients for components 1 and 2 are represented by where\[ \begin{aligned} \ln \gamma_{1} & =A x_{2}^{2} \quad \text { and } \quad
For a binary system, the excess Gibbs free energy of components 1 and 2 at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is given by \(\frac{G^{\mathrm{E}}}{R T}=0.625 x_{1} x_{2}\). The vapour pressures of components 1
For a liquid mixture following the two-parameter three-suffix Margules equation, the activity coefficients are represented by\[ \ln \gamma_{1}=x_{2}^{2}\left[A+2(B-A) x_{1}\right] \]and\[ \ln
An azeotrope consists of \(42.0 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent acetone (1) and \(58.0 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent methanol at \(760 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}\) and \(313 \mathrm{~K}\). At \(313 \mathrm{~K}\),
The azeotrope of the benzene-cyclohexane system has a composition of \(53.2 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent benzene with a boiling point of \(350.6 \mathrm{~K}\) at \(101.3 \mathrm{kPa}\). At this
Under atmospheric condition, the acetone-chloroform azeotrope boils at \(64.6^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and contains \(33.5 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent acetone. The vapour pressures of acetone and chloroform
The activity coefficients in a binary system are represented by \(\ln \gamma_{1}=A x_{2}^{2}\) and \(\ln \gamma_{2}=A x_{1}^{2}\). Show that if the system forms an azeotrope, the azeotropic
Using the Wilson and NRTL equations, estimate the activity coefficients of the components of a binary system consisting of iso-butanol (1) and iso-propanol (2) at \(50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and
A piston-cylinder assembly contains a binary liquid mixture which comprises \(40 \%\) ethane by mole and \(60 \%\) propane by mole at \(1.5 \mathrm{MPa}\). Applying \(K\)-method, calculate the
A vapour mixture of \(20 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent methane, \(30 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent ethane and \(50 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent propane is available at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Using
For a mixture of \(10 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent methane, \(20 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent ethane and \(70 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent propane at \(10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Determine(a) The dew point
The system acetone (1)-acetonitrile (2)-nitro-methane (3) at \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(100 \mathrm{kPa}\) has the overall composition \(z_{1}=0.45, z_{2}=0.35\), and \(z_{3}=0.20\). Assuming
For the benzene-toluene system, \(z_{1}=0.81\) at \(60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(70 \mathrm{kPa}\). The vapour pressure of the components are given by the Antoine equation \(\ln P=A-\frac{B}{T+C}\),
For the system acetone (1)-carbon tetrachloride (2), the vapour-liquid equilibrium data at \(45^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) were reported by an experimenter after several observations. Test whether the
What do you mean by criterion for equilibrium of a system?
Mention the different criteria for phase equilibrium. What is the necessity for a system to be in equilibrium?
How can equilibrium be classified? When does a system reach equilibrium?
Explain the phase rule for non-reacting system. State Duhem's theorem in substantiating the phase rule.
Enumerate the role of independent variables in vapour-liquid equilibrium.
Show that the chemical potentials of a component in different phases are equal.
What is the condition of phase equilibrium for a single-component system? How does it differ from that of a multicomponent system?
Justify the statement: Fugacities of a pure component in vapour and liquid phases are identical.
With the help of neat schematic representation, explain the importance of vapour-liquid equilibrium of a binary system.
What is the significance of Poynting pressure correction factor in vapour-liquid equilibrium?
What is boiling point diagram? Discuss it for benzene-toluene system.
With the help of temperature-composition diagram, discuss the distillation process. What are the roles of bubble point and curve dew point curve?
Define the term tie line. How does it play an important role in boiling point diagram?
Differentiate between \(P-x-y\) and \(T-x-y\) diagrams in explaining the VLE of a binary system.
Draw the \(T-x-y\) diagram at constant pressure for a minimum boiling azeotrope.
Draw the \(P-x-y\) diagram at constant temperature for a maximum boiling azeotrope.
What is retrograde condensation?
What do you mean by maxcondentherm and maxcondenbar? How do they differ from each other?
What is Raoult's law? How do you explain the deviation from Raoult's law? What are positive and negative deviation of a solution from ideality?
Write down the characteristics of an ideal solution.
What is an azeotrope? How do you categorize an azeotrope? Discuss the minimum boiling azeotrope with the help of phase diagram for a particular system.
Explain the azeotrope formation for nitric acid-water system with graphical representation.
Explain the vapour-liquid equilibrium for a binary system at low pressure.
Derive Margules two-suffix three-parameter equation for the calculation of activity coefficients.
Mention the usefulness of the van Laar equation to determine the activity coefficients of a binary solution.
Differentiate between UNIFAC and UNIQUAC methods.
What is \(K\)-factor? Illustrate the importance of \(K\)-factor.
Define bubble point and dew point. How do you calculate the dew point and bubble point of binary VLE mixture?
How does the \(K\)-factor relate to the bubble point and dew point calculation of a binary vapour-liquid equilibrium mixture?
In case of flash distillation, how do you calculate the flash?
How does the Gibbs-Duhem equation play a significant role for the thermodynamic consistency of VLE data?
Discuss the methods involved in checking the thermodynamic consistency of the vapour-liquid equilibrium data of a binary system.
A piston-cylinder assembly contains a binary liquid mixture which comprises \(30 \%\) ethylene by mole and \(70 \%\) propylene by mole at \(1 \mathrm{MPa}\). Applying \(K\)-method, calculate the
A vapour mixture of \(20 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent methane, \(35 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent ethane and \(45 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent propane is available at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Using
For a mixture of \(15 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent methane, \(25 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent ethane and \(60 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent propane at \(10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Determine(a) Dew point pressure(b)
A liquid mixture of \(25 \mathrm{~mol}\) percent ethylene and \(75 \mathrm{~mol}\) percent propylene at \(-40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is kept in a piston-cylinder assembly. The piston exerts a constant
A binary liquid mixture consists of \(50 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent \(n\)-hexane and \(50 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent \(n\)-butane. At \(423 \mathrm{~K}\), the vapour pressure of \(n\)-hexane and
An equimolar binary liquid mixture consists of two components - methane and propane. At \(443 \mathrm{~K}\), the vapour pressure of methane and propane are \(16.5 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(9.2
The pure component vapour pressure of two organic liquids-acetone and acetonitrileby Antoine equations are given by \[ \ln P_{1}^{\text {Sat }}=14.54-\frac{2940}{T-36} \]and\[ \ln P_{2}^{\text
Calculate the composition of liquid and vapour in equilibrium at \(327 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(65 \mathrm{KPa}\). The azeotrope of the ethanol-benzene system has a composition of \(44.8 \mathrm{~mol}\)
For the system methanol (1)-methyl acetate (2), the activity coefficients for components 1 and 2 are represented by\[ \ln \gamma_{1}=A x_{2}^{2} \quad \text { and } \quad \ln \gamma_{2}=A x_{1}^{2}
For a binary system, the excess Gibbs free energy of components 1 and 2 at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is given by \(\frac{G^{\mathrm{E}}}{R T}=0.500 x_{1} x_{2}\). The vapour pressures of components 1
An azeotrope consists of \(40.0 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent acetone (1) and \(60.0 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent methanol at \(760 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}\) and \(310 \mathrm{~K}\). At \(310 \mathrm{~K}\),
The azeotrope of the benzene-toluene system has a composition of \(53.2 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent benzene with a boiling point of \(350.6 \mathrm{~K}\) at \(101.3 \mathrm{kPa}\). At this temperature,
Using the Wilson and NRTL equations, estimate the activity coefficients of the components of a binary system consisting of toluene (1) and cyclohexane (2) at \(60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and
Wilson's parameters for the chloroform-methanol system at \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) are given by \(\lambda_{12}-\lambda_{11}=-1.522 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}-\mathrm{K}\) and
Carbon tetrachloride-ethanol forms an azeotrope at 760 torr, where \(x_{1}=0.613\) and \(T=64.95^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Using the van Laar model, predict the \(P-x-y\) data at \(64.95^{\circ}
Construct the \(P-x-y\) diagram for the cyclohexane-benzene system at \(313 \mathrm{~K}\), given that at this temperature \(P_{1}^{\text {Sat }}=24.62 \mathrm{kPa}\) and \(P_{2}^{\text {Sat }}=24.4
The ternary system \(A-B-C\) at \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(100 \mathrm{kPa}\) has the overall composition \(z_{1}=0.40\), \(z_{2}=0.30\), and \(z_{3}=0.30\). Assuming that Raoult's law is
For the acetone-acetonitrile system, \(z_{1}=0.75\) at \(60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(70 \mathrm{kPa}\). The vapour pressures of the components are given by the Antoine equation\[ \ln
A mixture containing \(15 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent ethane, \(35 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent propane, and \(50 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent n-butane is brought to a condition of \(40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) at
For the binary system \(n\)-pentanol (1)- \(n\)-hexane (2), determine the activity coefficients at \(31 \mathrm{~K}\) in an equimolar mixture. The Wilson parameters are as follows:\[ \begin{aligned}
n-heptane and toluene form an ideal solution mixture. At \(373 \mathrm{~K}\), their vapour pressures are \(106 \mathrm{kPa}\) and \(74 \mathrm{kPa}\) respectively. Determine the composition of the
Prove that at the azeotropic point, the composition of the vapour and liquid phases are the same.
Ethyl alcohol and hexane form an azeotrope containing \(33.2 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent ethanol at \(58.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) pressure. Determine the van Laar parameters at
For the ethyl ethanoate- \(n\)-heptane system at \(343.15 \mathrm{~K}\), assuming the system to follow modified Raoult's law, predict whether an azeotrope gets formed or not. If it is so, calculate
For the acetone-cyclohexane system at \(50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(x_{1}=0.35\), calculate the activity coefficients of the components using the NRTL equation. We are given that\[ \begin{aligned}
A binary system of species 1 and 2 has vapour and liquid phases in equilibrium at temperature \(T\), for which\[ \begin{aligned} \ln \gamma_{1} & =1.8 x_{2}^{2} \\ \ln \gamma_{2} & =1.8 x_{1}^{2}
A mixture comprising \(30 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent methane, \(10 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent propane and \(30 \mathrm{~mol}\) per cent \(n\)-butane is brought to a condition of \(-15^{\circ}
Show that the van Laar and Margules equations are consistent with the Gibbs-Duhem equation.
Showing 500 - 600
of 2106
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Last