Two samples of students, one comprised of social science majors and one comprised of students with other majors, completed the Consideration of Future Consequences scale (CFC). The accompanying tables include the output from software for an independent-samples t test and a one-way between-groups ANOVA on these data.

a. Demonstrate that the results of the independent samples t test and the one-way between-groups ANOVA are the same. 

b. In statistical software output, €œSig.€ refers to the actual p level of the statistic. We can compare the actual p level to a cutoff p level such as 0.05 to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis. What are the €œSig.€ levels for the two tests here€” the independent-samples t test and the one-way between-groups ANOVA? Are they the same or different? Explain why this is the case.

c. In the CFC ANOVA, the column titled €œMean Square€ includes the estimates of variance. Show how the F statistic was calculated from two types of variance.

d. Looking at the table titled €œGroup Statistics,€ how many participants were in each sample?

e. Looking at the table titled €œGroup Statistics,€ what is the mean CFC score for the social science majors?

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Independent Samples Test 95% Confidence Standard Error Interval of the Difference Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference Difference df Lower Upper CFC scores .26930 .37664 28 .521 -.72664 -.650 -.17500 ANOVA CFC Scores Sum of Mean Square .204 .483 Sig. Between Groups Squares df .204 13.538 13.742 .521 422 Within Groups Total 28 29