Compute the realized and recognized gain or loss and the new basis in the following transactions, all of which took place pursuant to a plan of recapitalization.

a. A shareholder exchanged 100 shares of \(\$ 5\) par value preferred stock with a basis of \(\$ 1,000\) for 200 shares of \(\$ 4\) par value common stock worth \(\$ 800\).

b. A bond holder exchanged a bond with a basis of \(\$ 800\) and a par value of \(\$ 1,000\) and received 50 shares of common stock worth \(\$ 1,050\).

c. A shareholder exchanged stock with a basis of \(\$ 2,000\) for bonds worth \(\$ 5,500\) and a par value of \(\$ 4,000\).

d. A bondholder exchanged a bond with a basis of \(\$ 900\) and a par value of \(\$ 1,000\) for another bond with a value of \(\$ 1,500\) and a par value of \(\$ 1,500\).