For each of the following situations, calculate the \(z\)-statistic \((z)\).

a. \(\mathrm{X}^{-}=8.00 ; \mu=5 ; \sigma=6 ; N=16\)

b. \(\mathrm{X}^{-}=4.00 ; \mu=2 ; \sigma=8 ; N=25\)

c. \(\mathrm{X}^{-}=11.50 ; \mu=9.25 ; \sigma=5.75 ; N=38\)

d. \(\mathrm{X}^{-}=.95 ; \mu=.82 ; \sigma=.31 ; N=15\)

e. \(\mathrm{X}^{-}=74.59 ; \mu=81.29 ; \sigma=13.54 ; N=26\)