Using one of the online calculators, how large a correlation would you need for the relationships shown in Exercise 9.2 to be significant? (This will involve a bit of trial and error.)

Calculate the correlations among all numeric variables in Exercise 9.1 using SPSS, or R.

(In R read in the data as a data.frame (e.g., theData) and then use (cor(theData). You don’t need to attach theData. You can also use plot(theData).)

Exercise 9.2

Calculate the correlations among all numeric variables in Exercise 9.1 using SPSS, or R.

(In R read in the data as a data.frame (e.g., theData) and then use (cor(theData). You don’t need to attach theData. You can also use plot(theData).)

Exercise 9.1

In Sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of mothers lose at least one child before the child’s first birthday. Below are data on 36 countries in the region, giving country, infant mortality, per capita income (in U.S. dollars), percentage of births to mothers under 20, percentage of births to mothers over 40, percentage of births less than two years apart, percentage of married women using contraception, and percentage of women with unmet family planning need.

(http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/ib_2-02.html) Available at the book’s website as SubSaharanInfMort.

dat. (Notice the effect of outliers.)

Transcribed Image Text:

% mom % mom <2 yrs Using Need family Country InfMort Income <20 > 40 apart contraception planning Benin Rep 104 933 16 Burkina Faso 109 965 17 Cameroon 80 1,573 21 Central African Rep 102 1,166 22 Chad Rep 110 850 21 Cte d'Ivoire 91 1,654 21 Eritrea 76 880 in in 45367 5 17 5 17 25 26 24 16 15 26 Ethiopia 113 628 14. Gabon 61 6,024 22 64 20 22 12 Ghana 61 1,881 15 5 13 13 35T3-44623 7 2226 20 16 Guinea 107 1,934 22 5 17 4 Kenya 71 1,022 18 3 23 32 Madagascar 99 799 21 5 31 10 Malawi 113 586 21 6 17 26 Mali 134 753 21 4 26 5 Mozambique 147 861 24 Namibia 62 5,468 15 Niger 136 753 23 Nigeria 71 853 17 Rwanda 90 885 9 Senegal 69 1,419 14 Tanzania 108 501 19 Togo 80 1,410 13 Uganda 86 650 23 Zambia 108 756 30 Zimbabwe 60 2,876 32 67555644+ 6 19 5 7 22 26 25 5 27 9 21 13 18 8 17 17 6 14 7 28 8 19 14 12 50 2222222322 missing 28 28 28 24 24 26 30 26 7 17 18 36 35 35 27 13