A study in South Africa focusing on the impact of health insurance identified 1590 children at birth and then sought to conduct follow-up health studies 5 years later. Only 416 of the original group participated in the 5-year follow- up study. This made researchers concerned that the follow-up group might not accurately resemble the total group in terms of health insurance. The following table summarizes the two groups by race and by presence of edical insurance when the child was born. Carefully explain how this study demonstrates Simpson’s paradox.

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Race Black White Overall Number (%) Insured Follow-Up 36 of 404 (8.9%) 10 of 12 (83.3%) 46 of 416 (11.1%) Not Traced 91 of 1048 (8.7%) 104 of 126 (82.5%) 195 of 1174 (16.6%)