Identify all statements that are consistent with the concept of present value. (More than one answer may be correct.)

a. The present value of a future amount always is less than that future amount.

b. An amount of money available today is considered more valuable than the same sum that will not become available until a future date.

c. A bond's issue price is equal to the present value of its future cash flows.

d. The liability for an installment note payable is recorded at only the principal amount, rather than the sum of the scheduled future payments.