A study of the labor force participation rates of women in the post–World War II period noted:

Over the long run, women have joined the paid labor force because of a series of changes affecting the nature of work. Primary among these was the rise of the clerical and professional sectors, the increased education of women, labor-saving advances in households, declining fertility rates, and increased urbanization.

Relate each of these factors to the household production model of labor supply outlined in this chapter.