An approximate measure of the energy-absorbing capability of a metal is the product \(\sigma_{\gamma} \varepsilon_{f}\) of its yield strength \(\sigma_{y}\) and its elongation to fracture \(\varepsilon_{f}\). These two properties for copper and coppernickel alloys are the axes of Fig. 6.17. Plot contours of \(\sigma_{y} \varepsilon_{f}\) onto a copy of this figure and use them to identify the optimal processing to maximize energy absorption capacity.

Data From Fig. 6.17.

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Copper: alloying and work-hardening 100. 100% copper 95% 90% 80% 75% 70% 45% 32% copper Elongation & (% strain) 30 Soft Copper-nickel alloys: solution hardening 50 50 1/4 Hard 1/2 Hard 3/4 Hard Pure copper: work hardening Hard Extra hard MFA 15 500 200 100 Yield strength y (MPa)