Relate the following newspaper headlines to shifts in the \(C, S, I\), and \(A E\) functions and to changes in equilibrium national income.

a. "Revival of consumer confidence leads to increased spending."

b. "High mortgage rates discourage new house purchases."

c. "Concern over future leads to a reduction in inventories."

d. "Accelerated depreciation allowances in the new federal budget set off boom on equipment purchases."

e. "Consumers spend as stock market soars."