Questions and Answers of Object-Oriented Systems Analysis

What aspects of the system are added to the class diagram(s) in object-oriented detailed design?
What levels of visibility may be assigned to an attribute or an operation?
Why should attributes be private?
What are primary operations?
What is a class-scope attribute?
What does the term ‘interface’ mean in UML?
How can collection classes be used when designing associations?
Under what circumstances should a collection of object references be included 384 in a class?
How can referential integrity be enforced in an object-oriented system?
Under what circumstances should derived attributes be used?
Under what circumstances should derived associations be used?
What is the difference between a pattern and a framework and how is each used?
What are the main aspects of changeability?
Why is the class constructor private in the Singleton pattern?
What are the advantages of using the Singleton pattern?
What are the disadvantages of using the Singleton pattern?
What implementation problems may occur when using the State pattern?
What are the differences between a pattern language and a pattern catalogue?
List two general dangers and two general benefits of the use of patterns.
What seven steps are suggested by Gamma et al. for the effective use of patterns?
What are the advantages of using the Composite pattern?
Think of a computerized information system that you use regularly. This could be a library system, an automated teller machine (ATM) that you use to get cash, a database that you use in your work or
For each of the elements of the interface that you have listed in Question 16.1, write down your ideas about how they could be improved.Data from in Question 16.1 Think of a computerized information
What is the difference between the dialogue and direct manipulation metaphors?
Make a list of direct manipulation metaphors that are used in a GUI that you are familiar with. Are there any metaphors that do not work as you might expect?
What are the four characteristics of good dialogues described in Section 16.2.4?
Figure 16.9 shows the Yes button in a dialogue highlighted. What do you think is the risk associated with making this the active button by default? Warning You are about to delete the Client Record
For the system that you wrote about in Question 16.1, note down information relevant to the design factors in Fig. 16.10. The nature of the task that the user is carrying out The type of user The
List as many differences as you can think of between structured, ethnographic and scenario-based approaches.
Make your own list of what you think the advantages and disadvantages could be of structured, ethnographic and scenario-based approaches.
Why should the user interface classes be kept separate from the business classes and application logic?
Explain the difference between vertical and horizontal prototyping.
What is meant by a throwaway prototype?
What does the «import» stereotype mean?
What role does each element of the Model–View–Controller architecture play?
What else do we use state machine diagrams for, apart from modelling the state of interface objects?
What are the five steps in preparing a state machine to model a user interface?
What information is held in an event–action table?
Convert the communication diagram of Fig. 17.25 into a sequence diagram. sd Select client 1: reportAllClients :OPStream 2: open 8: close 7: print(formattedValues) :Report AllClients :ReportAll
Convert the communication diagram of Fig. 17.27 into a sequence diagram. sd Item listener User Event :Component 1: itemStateChanged (ItemEvent evt) 2: Inspect Event :ItemListener 4: Update Self 3:
What are the differences between the MVC and Java EventListener approaches?
Convert the sequence diagram of Fig. 17.36 into a communication diagram. sd Check campaign budget CheckCampaignBudget :CheckCampaign BudgetUl loop ccbul := :CheckCampaign Budget CheckCampaign
Convert the sequence diagram of Fig. 17.37 into a communication diagram. sd Select client :checkCampaign BudgetUl select client loop clientSelected :CheckCampaign Budget getSelectedClient aClient =
Give one example each of a persistent and a transient object.
Explain the difference between different types of file organization and file access.
Of the different kinds of record type listed in Section 18.3.1 suggest which would be most appropriate for storing complex nested objects. Explain the reasons for your choice.
Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using a DBMS over developing an application using files.
What is the key difference between a relational DBMS and an object DBMS?
List in your own words the three steps used in going from an unnormalized relation to a relation in third normal form.
What are the three ways of mapping the classes in an inheritance hierarchy to tables?
What is meant by OML and ODL?
What is the difference between a multi-database and a distributed database?
Explain what is meant by (i) a broker and (ii) a proxy.
List the different categories of software packages that may be used in developing a system.
What development packages have you used and which categories do they fall into?
What is the difference between an artefact and a component?
Draw a component diagram to show two components wired together with required and provided interfaces.
Draw a deployment diagram with artefacts to show the run-time dependency between a Java class file, the java.exe run-time program and the Java classes in a class library stored in a zip file.
Draw a deployment diagram to show how a web browser and web server are located on different machines and the communication protocol they use.
List five tests that you would carry out on the FoodCo use case Start Line Run.
List the sections that you would include in a post-implementation evaluation report and explain the content of each section.
What is the difference between maintenance work carried out to fix bugs and work carried out to add requested enhancements to a system?
Why should decisions about enhancements not be left to maintenance programmers?
What tasks do maintenance staff undertake?
What are the benefits of reusable components?
What are some of the obstacles to reuse?
Give Jacobson et al.’s definition of a ‘component’.
Name three mechanisms for creating reusable components in different programming languages.
What are the three workflows in the revised SELECT Perspective (Apperly et al., 2003)?
How does Allen and Frost’s definition of a component differ from that of Jacobson et al.?
What are the three processes in Jacobson et al.’s approach to reuse, and what is meant by each?
What is the purpose of the Façade pattern?
What is the difference between ‘methodology’ and ‘method’?
Distinguish between ‘task’ and ‘technique’, and give some examples of each.
What does it mean to say that XP is ‘agile’?
Explain the key elements in the philosophy of DSDM Atern.
In what respects does Scrum agree with UP?
How does Scrum differ from UP?
How does the full UP approach differ from the simplified approach followed in this book?
Name the five levels of the Capability Maturity Model.
Distinguish between the hard systems view and the soft systems view.
Why might a methodology based on a hard systems approach be unsuccessful in a situation where the goals of the organization are unclear?
What general advantages are claimed for using a methodology?
What might be the disadvantages of using an inappropriate methodology?
Give a definition of architecture in an information systems context.
What is the difference between an architectural view and an architectural viewpoint?
What are the 4 + 1 views of architecture in the Unified Process?
What are the benefits of adopting an architecture-centric approach?
How do existing systems influence the architecture of new systems in the same organization?
Explain the difference between a PIM and a PSM.
What is meant by enterprise architecture?
What are the advantages of dividing a system into a collection of subsystems?
What is the difference between client–server and peer-to-peer communication between subsystems?
Why is an open layered architecture more difficult to maintain?
What are the disadvantages of the closed layered architecture?
What advantages would there be if the Advert HCI subsystem in Fig. 13.11 were designed to have direct access to the Campaign Database layer? Presentation layer Application layer Advert HCI Subsystem
What are the main differences between the MVC architecture and the layered and partitioned architecture?
In what sense does a broker decouple two subsystems that need to communicate with each other? How does this work?
How do architectural divisions of systems help with project management?
Why is it sometimes necessary to design information systems that have explicitly concurrent behaviour?

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