Consider the following mechanism for Eq. 18.19. Identify the process associated with each step. Counting electrons at each stage may help you.

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Pd(PPH3)4 Ph3P Ph,P Pd(PPh 3)2 + Pd H Br Ph H Ph₂P Pd(PPH3)3 + PPh3 H Br C=C H Ph + Lit -SET Pd(PPH3)2 + PPh3 Ph₂P Ph,P Ph₂P Ph P Pd Pd H Br H SEt XXX-X Ph Ph H H + Lit Br + Pd(PPH3)2 (18.40a) (18.40b) (18.40c) (18.40d)