Which of the following processes is spontaneous? a. The reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas. b.

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 Which of the following processes is spontaneous?

a. The reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas.

b. The vaporization of superheated water at 102°C and 1 bar.

c. The constant pressure melting of ice at its normal freezing point by the addition of an infinitesimal quantity of heat.

d. The adiabatic expansion of a gas into a vacuum.

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Physical Chemistry

ISBN: 978-0321812001

3rd edition

Authors: Thomas Engel, Philip Reid

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