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physics
conceptual physical science

Questions and Answers of Conceptual Physical Science

A nurse approaches his patient and counts 72 heartbeats in 1 min. Show that the frequency and period of the heartbeats are 1.2 Hz and 0.83 s, respectively.
A tuning fork produces a sound with a frequency of 256 Hz and a wavelength in air of 1.33 m. Show that the speed of sound in the vicinity of the fork is 340 m/s.
Show that a certain wave with a 1.2-m wavelength and a frequency of 2.5 Hz has a wave speed of 3.0 m/s.
A wave 3 m long oscillates 1.5 times each second. Show that the speed of the wave is 4.5 m/s.Wave speed = frequency × wavelength = fλ.
Another pendulum swings to and fro at a regular rate of 2 times per second. Show that its period is 0.5 s.Period = 1/Frequency
A pendulum swings to and fro every 3 seconds. Show that its frequency of swing is 1/3 Hz.Frequency = 1/period
Blow over the top of two empty bottles and see whether the tones produced are of the same pitch. Then put one in a freezer and try the procedure again. Sound travels more slowly in the denser air of
Swing a buzzer of any kind over your head in a circle. You won’t hear the Doppler shift, but your friends off to the side will. The pitch will increase as the buzzer approaches them and decrease
Do the activity suggested in Figure 10.24 with a stereo sound system. Simply reverse the wire inputs to one of the speakers so that the two are out of phase. When monaural sound is played and the
Tie a rubber tube, a spring, or a rope to a fixed support and shake it to produce standing waves. See how many nodes you can produce.
Distinguish between a musical sound and noise.
How do the speed of a wave source and the speed of the waves themselves compare when a wave barrier is being produced? How do they compare when a bow wave is being produced?
What does it mean to say that one wave is out of phase with another?
Why do troops “break step” when crossing a bridge?
Distinguish between forced vibrations and resonance.
How do dolphins perceive their environment in dark and murky water?
Relate wave speed and bending to the phenomenon of refraction.
What is the law of reflection for sound?
How does the speed of sound in water compare with the speed of sound in air? How does the speed of sound in steel compare with the speed of sound in air?
In what direction do compressed regions and rarefied regions of a longitudinal wave travel?
In one word, what is it that moves from source to receiver in wave motion?
How are frequency and period related to each other?
When Fred Cauthen releases the sheet of copper, why does it come to a halt as it begins its swing between the magnetic poles? MAGNETIC BRAKE
When Tim pushes the wire between the poles of the magnet, the galvanometer registers a pulse. When he lifts the wire, another pulse is registered. How do the pulses differ?
A common pickup for an electric guitar consists of a coil of wire around a small permanent magnet, as described in Figure 9.26. Why will this type of pickup fail with nylon strings?Figure 9.26
In Figure 9.17, we see a magnet exerting a force on a current-carrying wire. Does a current-carrying wire exert a force on a magnet? Why or why not?Figure 9.17 Force is dn Force is down Current
When a current-carrying wire is placed in a strong magnetic field, no force acts on the wire. What is probably the orientation of the wire?
How do force field lines for gravitation about a planet differ from force field lines for magnetism about electric currents?
Nails sticking to a magnet is understandable. But why are other nails attracted to the stuck nails, as shown in Figure 9.9?
What important connection did Maxwell discover between electric and magnetic fields?
State Faraday’s law.
How is the strength of the magnetic field in a current carrying coil affected when a piece of iron is placed inside? Defend your answer.
What is the shape of a magnetic field about a current carrying wire?
What two kinds of motion are exhibited by electrons in an atom?
Why is a bird perched on a high-voltage wire safe, even though the wires are not insulated?
A car battery is actually a series of cells. A single electric cell can be made by placing two plates of different materials that have different affinities for electrons in a conducting solution. You
How does the range of refrigerator magnets differ from that of common bar magnets?
Your friend says that electric current takes the path of least resistance. In the case of a parallel circuit, why is it more accurate to say that most current travels the path of least resistance?
A battery has internal resistance, so when the current it supplies goes up, the voltage it supplies goes down. If too many bulbs are connected in parallel across a battery, does their brightness
A friend says that adding bulbs in series to a circuit provides more obstacles to the flow of charge, so there is less current with more bulbs, but that adding bulbs in parallel provides more paths,
A friend says that a battery provides not a source of constant current, but a source of constant voltage. Do you agree or disagree, and why?
The equivalent resistance of a pair of resistors depends on how they’re connected. Suppose you wish to connect a pair of resistors in such a way that their equivalent resistance is less than the
Is it correct to say that the energy from a car battery ultimately comes from fuel in the gas tank? Defend your answer.
Why are LED lamps more efficient than incandescent lamps?
(a) Which is the same for a 10-Ω and a 20-Ω resistor connected in series in a series circuit: current or voltage?(b) Which is the same for a 10-Ω and a 20-Ω resistor connected in parallel in a
As more lanes are added to toll booths, the resistance to vehicles passing through is reduced. How is this similar to what happens when more branches are added to a parallel circuit?
What does it mean to say that an electric appliance is “grounded”?
Say the bird perched on a high-voltage wire reaches over with its foot and touches another wire. Why is it in trouble?
Which has the higher resistance: a lamp filament with no current or one carrying current? Or do both have the same resistance?
Which flows through an electric circuit: voltage, electric charge, resistance, or all three?
Which travels at nearly the speed of light in an electric circuit: electrons, electric field, or both?
What is the difference between electric potential difference and voltage.
How is a hydraulic pump that produces sustained water flow analogous to a battery or generator?
Why is voltage often referred to as an electric pressure, especially when electric circuits and water flow in pipes are compared?
Suppose an investigator places first a free electron and then a free proton into an electric field between oppositely charged conducting plates.(a) How do the forces acting on the electron and those
By what specific means do the bits of fine threads align in the electric fields in Figure 8.11? (a) (b) (c) (d)
If you scuff electrons from your shoes while walking across a silk rug, are you negatively or positively charged?
The bulbs are identical. Ammeters are placed in different locations, as shown. Rank, from greatest to least, the current readings in the three ammeters. B.
An incandescent light bulb with an operating resistance of 95 Ω is labeled “150 W.” Is this bulb designed for use in a 120-V circuit or a 220-V circuit? Defend your answer.
For the electric dryer of the previous problem, show that the number of coulombs that flow through in 1 minute is approximately 500 C.Previous ProblemAn electric dryer connected to a 120-V source
An electric dryer connected to a 120-V source draws 8.4 A of current. Show that the amount of heat generated in 1 min is about 60 kJ.
Suppose you operate a 100-W lamp continuously for 1 week when the power utility rate is 12¢/kW.h. Show that the cost is $2.02.
Show that it costs 7 cents to operate a 25-W porch light for 24 h if electric energy costs 12¢ per kW.h.
An electric space heater dissipates 1320 W of power via electromagnetic radiation and convection when connected to 120 V. When current is unknown, power can be expressed as P = V2/R . Use this
A dehumidifier with a resistance of 20 Ω draws 6.0 A when connected to an electrical outlet. Show that the power consumed by the iron is 720 W.
The power of an electric circuit is given by the formula P = IV. Use Ohm’s law to express V and show that power can be expressed by the equation P = I2R.
The current driven by voltage V in a circuit of resistance R is given by Ohm’s law, I = V/R. Show that the resistance of a circuit carrying current I and driven by voltage V is given by the
The potential difference between a storm cloud and the ground is 100 million volts. If a charge of 2 C flashes in a bolt from cloud to Earth, show that the change of potential energy of the charge is
Suppose you could expend 10 joules of work to push a 1-coulomb charged particle against an electric field. What would be its change of voltage? If the particle is released, what will be its kinetic
A 12-V battery moves 4 C of charge from one terminal to the other. Show that the battery does 48 J of work.
Show that if the charges attracting each other in the preceding problem have equal magnitudes, each charge has a magnitude of 1.9 microcoulombs (1.9 × 10-6 C).
Two point charges are separated by 4 cm. The attractive force between them is 20 N. Show that when they are separated by 8 cm, the force between them is 5 N. (Why can you solve this problem without
What is the function of the third prong on the plug of an electric appliance?
Which has the greater electrical resistance, wet skin or dry skin?
Which has the greater resistance, a thick wire or a thin wire of the same length?
Distinguish between dc and ac.
What kind of charge does an object acquire when electrons are stripped from it?
How does the number of protons in a simple atomic nucleus compare with the number of electrons that orbit the nucleus?
How do the masses of electrons compare with the masses of protons?
The snow-covered mailboxes raise a question: What explains why the light-colored ones are snow covered, while the black ones are free of snow?
Hydrothermal vents are openings in the ocean floor that discharge water at temperatures far exceeding 100°C. Discuss why this water is not boiling.
Why can you drink a cup of boiling-hot tea atop a high mountain without any danger of burning your lips? What if you did this in a mine shaft below sea level?
How do the average kinetic energies of hydrogen and oxygen gases compare when these two gases are mixed at the same temperature? How do the average speeds of their molecules compare? Discuss how mass
What is the source of energy that keeps the dunking bird in Figure 7.28 operating?Figure 7.28 a b d
If all the molecules in a liquid had the same speed, and some were able to evaporate, would the remaining liquid be cooled? Explain.
What is the principal reason why a feather quilt is so warm on a cold winter night?
For water, which has the higher value: heat of fusion or heat of vaporization?
What does an air conditioner have in common with a refrigerator?
What role does antifreeze play in preventing the freezing of water?
How do the temperature at which a particular metal melts and the temperature at which it freezes compare?
Distinguish between melting and freezing in terms of molecular speeds.
Room-temperature water boils spontaneously in a vacuum—on the Moon, for example. Could you cook an egg in this boiling water? Explain.
Boiling can be brought about by increasing the temperature of water. How can boiling be brought about without increasing water temperature?
Double-pane windows have nitrogen gas or very dry air between the panes. Why is using ordinary air between the panes a poor idea?
Erik Wong crunches an aluminum soft-drink. Is the can sucked in by the partial vacuum created, or pushed inward by atmospheric pressure? Or both?
You can determine wind direction by wetting your finger and holding it up in the air. Explain.
Whatt does the planet Venus have to do with Earth’s greenhouse effect?
Consider the solar energy that enters a florist’s greenhouse and is absorbed by plants. Why is the energy that is reradiated by the plants of much lower frequency than the solar energy?
Why is a water-based white solution (whitewash) sometimes applied to the glass of florists’ greenhouses? Would you expect this practice to be more prevalent in the winter or in the summer?
Which will warm by 15°C quicker in a 100°C oven: a 10°C piece of pie or a 20°C piece of pie?

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