Arno asked his brother Bruce, who runs a taxi business, to take him to the station. Due to heavy traffic, they were delayed and on arriving at the station Arno jumped out of the car without saying goodbye and rushed off to catch his train. The next week Bruce saw Arno for lunch at their mother’s house, and Bruce asked Arno to pay the £50 taxi fare but Arno refused.

Arno agreed to pay his sister, Cindy, £2,000 to decorate his house in time for a party he was holding at home to celebrate his 65th birthday. Two weeks before the party Cindy told Arno she wouldn’t be able to finish the work on time because of all the other decorating work she had taken on unless he paid her an additional £500. Arno agreed but although Cindy completed the decorating on time Arno has refused to pay her the additional money.

Having regard to the rules on formation of contracts relating to intention to create legal relations and consideration, consider whether Arno has to pay Bruce and Cindy as they have requested.