Identify the regression objective of the following research questions (from the four options of estimating causal effects, forecasting/predicting an outcome, determining predictors of an outcome, and adjusting an outcome). 

a. Who was the most effective new-car salesman for Ford cars last year in the U.S., given the strength of the economy in their area? 

b. How does attending a charter school affect the test scores for inner-city members of under-represented groups 

c. How much is the amount of car sales in a local area impacted by advertising expenses? 

d. What is the best guess for how many emergency-room visits there will be from drug overdoses in each city this year? 

e. How much will the dollar value of U.S. imports be next year? 

f. What is the single best predictor of whether a female will give birth before age 18? 

g. How did the Clean Air Act affect the intelligence of people who grew up in large metropolitan areas? 

h. How much does consistently reading chapters ahead of class affect your grade?