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introductory chemistry concepts

Questions and Answers of Introductory Chemistry Concepts

Express each of the following ordinary numbers as a power of 10:(a) 100,000,000,000,000,000 (b) 0.000 000 000 000 001.
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number:(a) 1 x 101 (b) 1 x 10-1.
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number:(a) 1 x 100 (b) 1 x 10-10.
Express the following ordinary numbers in scientific notation:(a) 80,916,000 (b) 0.000 000 015 (c) 335,600,000,000,000 (d) 0.000 000 000 000 927.
Express the following ordinary numbers in scientific notation:(a) 1,010,000,000,000,000 (b) 0.000 000 000 000 456 (c) 94,500,000,000,000,000 (d) 0.000 000 000 000 000 019 50.
There are 26,900,000,000,000,000,000,000 oxygen molecules in 1 liter of oxygen gas at standard temperature and pressure. Express this number in scientific notation.
There are 26,900,000,000,000,000,000 helium atoms in 1 milliliter of helium gas at standard temperature and pressure. Express this number in scientific notation.
The mass of a helium atom is 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 64 g. Express the mass in scientific notation.
A 10-mL pipet has an uncertainty of ± 0.1 mL. Express the volume of the pipet as an ordinary number.
A 10-mL pipet has an uncertainty of ± 0.01 mL. Express the volume of the pipet as an ordinary number.
The velocity of light is 186,282.397 miles per second. Round off this value to three significant digits.
The velocity of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. Round off this value to three significant digits.
Find the total mass of a 126.457-g brass cylinder and a 131.60-g bronze cylinder.
Convert the following exponential numbers to scientific notation.(a) 352 x 104 (b) 0.191 x 10-5.
Convert the following exponential numbers to scientific notation.(a) 0.170 x 102 (b) 0.00350 x 10-1.
The mass of a neutron is 1.6749 x 10-24 g, and the mass of a proton is 1.6726 x 10-24 g. What is the total mass of a neutron and a proton?
The mass of a neutron is 1.6749 x 10-24 g, and the mass of a proton is 1.6726 x 10-24 g. What is the mass difference of a neutron and a proton?
A metric ton is defined as 1000 kg, or 2.200 x 103 lb. An English ton is defined as 2000 lb, or 2.000 x 103 lb. What is the total mass of a metric ton and English ton expressed in pounds?
A metric ton is defined as 1000 kg, or 2.200 x 103 lb. An English ton is defined as 2000 lb, or 2.000 x 103 lb. What is the mass difference between a metric ton and English ton expressed in pounds?
Give the symbol for each of the following metric units and state the quantity measured by each unit: (a) Nanosecond (b) Milliliter (c) Decigram (d) Megameter.
What is the basic unit for each of the following physical quantities in the metric system? (a) Length (b) Mass (c) Volume (d) Time.
Which of the following is a base unit and symbol in the metric system? (a) Centimeter (cm) (b) Kilogram (kg) (c) Milliliter (mL) (d) All of the above (e) None of the above.
Give the symbol for each of the following metric units and state the quantity measured by each unit: (a) Nanosecond (b) Milliliter (c) Decigram (d) Megameter.
How many significant digits are in the following unit equation: 1 m = 1000 mm?
What is the physical quantity corresponding to each of the following metric basic units? (a) Meter (b) Gram (c) Liter (d) Second.
What are the two unit factors that relate meters and millimeters? (a) 1000 mm/1 m and 1 m/1000 mm (b) 1000 mm/1 m and 1000 m/1 mm (c) 1 mm/1000 m and 1 m/1000 mm (d) 1 mm/1000 m and 1000 m/1
Complete the unit equation for each of the following exact metric equivalents: (a) 1 Gm = ? m (b) 1 g = ? cg (c) 1 L = ?μL (d) 1 s = ? ms.
How many significant digits are in the following unit factor: 1 L/1000 mL?
Write the symbol for the following metric units. (a) Exameter (b) Teragram (c) Attoliter (d) Picosecond.
What is the three-step sequence in applying the unit analysis method of problem solving? (a) 1–unknown unit, 2–unit factor, 3–relevant given value (b) 1–unknown unit, 2–relevant given
Write two unit factors for each of the following metric relationships: (a) Liters and milliliters (b) Megaseconds and seconds.
Write two unit factors for each of the following metric relationships:(a) Kilometers and meters (b) Grams and decigrams.
Express the volume of a cube 1 cm on a side in milliliters.
Write the symbol for the following metric units. (a) Petameter (b) Gigagram (c) Femtoliter (d) Nanosecond.
A hospital has 125 deciliter bags of blood plasma. What is the volume of plasma expressed in milliliters? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP 2: What given value is
If a chemistry student weighs 155 pounds, what is the mass in kilograms? (a) 0.341 kg (b) 0.394 kg (c) 70.4 kg (d) 341 kg (e) 70,400 kg.
A dermatology patient is treated with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 375 nm. What is the wavelength expressed in centimeters?
How many significant digits are in the following unit factor: 1 g/1000 mg?
Write the name of the metric unit indicated by the following symbols. (a) km (b) Mg (c) nL (d) ds.
A sample of 18K gold contains the following by mass: 18.0 grams gold, 3.0 grams silver, and 3.0 grams copper. What is the percent gold? (a) 18% (b) 25%(c) 33% (d) 75% (e) 90%.
The mass of Earth is 5.98 x 1024 kg. What is the mass expressed in megagrams? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP 2: What given value is related to the answer? STEP 3:
Light travels through the universe at a velocity of 3.00 x 1010 cm/s. How many gigameters does light travel in one second?
How many significant digits are in the following unit equation: 1 L = 1000 mL?
Write the name of the metric unit indicated by the following symbols. (a) cm (b) mg (c) dL (d) μs.
A can of soda contains 12.0 fl oz (1 quart = 32 fluid ounces). What is the volume of soda in milliliters? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP 2: What given value is
If a rectangular aluminum block measures 3.80 cm by 2.55 cm by 1.25 cm, what is the volume of the rectangular solid? (a) 0.0826 cm3 (b) 1.19 cm3 (c) 1.86 cm3 (d) 7.75 cm3 (e) 12.1 cm3.
A can of soda contains 12.0 fl oz. What is the volume in liters (given that 1 L = 1000 mL)?
How many significant digits are in the following unit factor: 1 kg/2.20 lb?
State the quantity that is measured using the following instruments. (a) Metric ruler (b) Platform balance (c) Graduated cylinder (d) Stopwatch.
If a tennis ball weighs 2.0 oz, what is the mass of the tennis ball in grams? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP 2: What given value is related to the answer? STEP 3:
What is the volume of a sample of fool’s gold that displaces the water level from 25.5 mL to 35.0 mL in a graduated cylinder? (a) 9.5 mL (b) 11.5 mL (c) 25.5 mL (d) 35.0 mL (e) 60.5 mL.
If a tennis ball has a diameter of 2.5 inches, what is the diameter in millimeters?
If a gold alloy contains 20% silver and 5% copper, what is the percent of gold in the alloy?
State the quantity that is measured using the following instruments. (a) Micrometer (b) Electronic balance (c) Buret (d) Atomic clock.
Sterling silver contains silver and copper metals. If a sterling silver chain contains 18.5 g of silver and 1.5 g of copper, what is the percent of silver? ◄ Sterling Silver Sterling silver has a
If 50.0 mL of gasohol has a mass of 37.5 g, what is the density of the gasohol in grams per cubic centimeter? (a) 0.00750 g/cm3 (b) 0.0750 g/cm3 (c) 0.750 g/cm3 (d) 7.50 g/cm3 (e) 10.0 g/cm3.
A 14-karat gold ring contains 7.45 g of gold, 2.66 g of silver, and 2.66 g of copper. Calculate the percent of gold in the 14-karat ring.
Water is 11.2% hydrogen by mass. What two unit factors express the percent hydrogen in water?
State the name and symbol for each of the following metric quantities. (a) 1 x 109 m (b) 1 x 103 g (c) 1 x 10-3 L (d) 1 x 10-9 s.
The Moon and Earth have a similar composition and each contains 4.70% iron, which supports the theory that the Moon and Earth were originally a single planet. What is the mass of iron in a lunar
A rare metal alloy is a superconductor at 55 K. What is the temperature on the Celsius scale?(a) -328 °C (b) -218 °C (c) -55 °C (d) 218 °C (e) 328 °C.
A Moon sample is found to contain 7.50% aluminum. What is the mass of the lunar sample if the amount of aluminum is 5.25 g?
A 25¢ coin minted in 2015 is an alloy, which is 91.67% copper and 8.33% nickel. If the quarter contains 5.20 g of copper, what is the mass of the coin?
State the name and symbol for each of the following metric quantities. (a) 1 x 1012 m (b) 1 x 106 g (c) 1 x 10-6 L (d) 1 x 10-12 s.
A 5¢ coin minted in 2016 is an alloy, 75.0% copper and 25.0% nickel. If the coin has a mass of 5.000 g, what is the mass of nickel in the coin? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the
A 25¢ coin minted in 2015 is an alloy, which is 91.67% copper and 8.33% nickel. If the quarter contains 5.20 g of copper, what is the mass of the coin?
Which of the following expresses the total heat energy in a sealed capsule? (a) 20 °C (b) 68 °F (c) 293 K (d) 20 kcal (e) All of the above.
Express the volume of a cube 10 cm on a side in liters.
Write a unit equation for each of the following metric equivalents. (a) km and m (b) Mg and g (c) L and mL (d) s and μs.
A tall glass cylinder contains water (d = 1.00 g/mL) floating on liquid mercury (d = 13.6 g/mL). If a piece of fool’s gold (d = 5.00 g/mL) and a gold nugget (d = 18.3 g/mL) are dropped into the
If a rectangular brass solid measures 52.0 mm by 25.0 mm by 15.0 mm, what is the volume in cubic millimeters?
If a stainless steel rectangular solid measures 5.55 cm long, 3.75 cm wide, and 2.25 cm thick, what is the volume in cubic centimeters? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the
Which of the following is the greatest thickness: 1 mm, 0.1 cm, or 0.001 m?
Write a unit equation for each of the following metric equivalents. (a) Gm and m (b) Tg and g (c) L and dL (d) s and cs.
A sheet of aluminum foil measures 35.0 cm by 25.0 cm, and the volume is 1.36 cm3. What is the thickness of the foil in centimeters?
A sheet of aluminum foil measures 25.0 mm by 10.0 mm, and the volume is 3.75 mm3. What is the thickness of the foil in millimeters? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP 2:
Which of the following temperatures is the coldest: 0 °F, 0 °C, or 0 K?
Which of the following is the greater volume: 500 mL or 500 cm3?
Write two unit factors for each of the following metric relationships. (a) km and m (b) Mg and g (c) L and mL (d) s and μs.
Given that an automobile engine has a volume displacement of 498 cm3 in each cylinder, express the volume in cubic inches. Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP 2: What
Given that an SUV has a 244 in.3 engine, express the engine volume in liters.
A silver dime is smaller and thinner than a zinc penny. Why is the mass of the 10¢ coin greater than the 1¢ coin?
Which of the following has the greater volume: 1 mL or 1 cm3?
Write two unit factors for each of the following metric relationships. (a) Gm and m (b) Tg and g (c) L and dL (d) s and cs.
A quartz stone weighing 30.475 g is carefully placed into a graduated cylinder. If the water level increases from 25.0 mL to 36.5 mL, what is the volume of the quartz stone? Strategy Plan STEP 1:
Given the two liquids, gasoline (d = 0.70 g/mL) and chloroform (d = 1.5 g/mL), how could you identify each liquid given a beaker of water and the two liquids?
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to give oxygen gas, which displaces a volume of water into a beaker. If the water level in the beaker increases from 50.0 mL to 105.5 mL, what is the volume of oxygen gas?
If a platinum nugget has a mass of 214.50 g and a volume of 10.0 cm3, what is the density of the metal? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP 2: What given value is related
A 1.00-in. cube of copper measures 2.54 cm on a side. What is the mass of the copper cube (given that d of copper = 8.96 g/cm3)? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP 2:
Carbon tetrachloride is a solvent used for degreasing electronic parts. If 25.0 mL of carbon tetrachloride has a mass of 39.75 g, what is the density of the liquid?
Perform the following metric–metric conversions. (a) 5.00 m to km (b) 5.00 g to cg (c) 5.00 L to dL (d) 5.00 s to ns.
Carbon tetrachloride is a solvent used for degreasing electronic parts. If 25.0 mL of carbon tetrachloride has a mass of 39.75 g, what is the density of the liquid?
If some humans float in water and others sink, what is the approximate density of the human body?
Perform the following metric–metric conversions. (a) 5.00 Mm to m (b) 5.00 mg to g (c) 5.00 mL to L (d) 5.00 ds to s.
Normal body temperature is 98.6 °F. What is normal body temperature in degrees Celsius? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? Step 1: STEP 2: What given value is related to
A cube of silver is 5.00 cm on a side and has a mass of 1312.5 g. What is the density of silver?
What is the relationship between the Celsius and centigrade temperature scales?
Dermatologists use liquid nitrogen to freeze skin tissue. If the Celsius temperature of liquid nitrogen is -196 °C, what is the Kelvin temperature? Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in
Perform the following metric–metric conversions. (a) 6.50 Tm to Mm (b) 650 Gg to kg (c) 0.650 cL to dL (d) 0.000 650 ns to ps.
The average surface temperature of Mars is -55 °C. What is the average temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?

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