The output stage of the 741 op-amp is shown in Figure 13.9. Transistor \(Q_{13}\) may be replaced with a constant-current source equal to \(0.18 \mathrm{~mA}\). Use standard transistors.

(a) Using a computer simulation, plot the voltage transfer function \(v_{o}\) versus \(v_{13}\). What is the voltage gain? Has the crossover distortion been eliminated?

(b) Apply an input voltage \(v_{13}\) that establishes an output voltage of \(v_{o}=5 \mathrm{~V}\). Then set \(R_{L}=0\). Find the output short-circuit current and the transistor currents.

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V+ 2134 Q18 Q15 Q14 R6= 27 R10= : 50 R = 219 2292 RL 221 220 R11 = Q22 24 13 50 Figure 13.9 Output stage, 741 op-amp with short-circuit protection devices