Male lizards in the species Crotaphytus collaris use their jaws as weapons during territorial interactions. Lappin and Husak (2005) tested whether weapon performance (bite force in newtons) predicted territory size in this species. Their measurements for both variables are listed in the following table for 11 males.

a. How rapidly does territory size increase with bite force? Estimate the slope of the regression line.

Provide a standard error for your estimate.

b. How uncertain is our estimate of slope? Provide a 99% confidence interval for β.

c. Provide an interpretation for the 99% confidence interval in part (b). What does it measure?

d. Bite force is difficult to measure accurately, and so the values shown probably include some measurement error. Is the slope of the true regression line most likely to be underestimated, overestimated, or unaffected as a result?

e. Territory area is difficult to measure accurately, so the values shown probably include some measurement error. Is the slope of the true regression line most likely to be underestimated, overestimated, or unaffected as a result?

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Bite force (N) 28.228.2 33.933.9 29.529.5 39.839.8 41.741.7 44.744.7 46.846.8 47.947.9 36.336.3 35.535.5 33.933.9 Territory area (m2)(m²) 437437 589589 871871 977977 12881288 21382138 24552455 35483548 26922692 20422042 30203020