Undergraduate students at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, were surveyed in order to evaluate the effect of gender and price on purchasing a pizza from Pizza Hut. Students were told to suppose that they were planning to have a large two-topping pizza delivered to their residence that evening. The students had to decide between ordering from Pizza Hut at a reduced price of $8.49 (the regular price for a large two-topping pizza from the Oxford Pizza Hut at this time was $11.49) and ordering a pizza from a different pizzeria. The results from this question are summarized in the following contingency table:

A subsequent survey evaluated purchase decisions at other prices. These results are summarized in the following contingency table:

a. Using a 0.05 level of significance and using the data in the first contingency table, is there evidence of a significant difference between males and females in their pizzeria selection?
b. What is your answer to (a) if nine of the male students selected Pizza Hut and nine selected another pizzeria?
c. Using a 0.05 level of significance and using the data in the second contingency table, is there evidence of a difference in pizzeria selection based on price?
d. Determine the p-value in (c) and interpret its meaning.

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PIZZERIA GENDER Female Male Total Pizza Hut 4 6 10 Other 13 12 25 Total 17 18 35 PRICE PIZZERIA Pizza Hut Other Total 8.49 $11.49 $14.49 Total 10 25 35 17 75 92 23 28 27 29