In the Haber process for the production of ammonia, N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) What is the relationship between the rate of production of ammonia and the rate of consumption of hydrogen?
Figure 15.64 shows the proton COSY spectrum of l-nitro propane. Account for the appearance of off-diagonal peaks in the spectrum NO,CH,CH,CH, 2- 3 4- 5+
When the compound having a Cyclobutene fused to a five-membered ring is heated, (IZ, 3Z)-1, 3-cvcloheptadicne is formed. When the related compound having a Cyclobutene fused to an eight-membered ring...
On March 1, 2015, Carter Corporation issued $ 15,000,000 in bonds that mature in 10 years. The bonds have a coupon rate of 6.3 percent and pay interest on March 1 and September 1. When the bonds were...
Show how each of the following compounds can be synthesized from benzene: a. p-chloroaniline b. m-chloroaniline c. p-nitrobenzoic acid d. m-nitrobenzoic acid e. m-bromopropylbenzene f....
Indicate the number of signals and the multiplicity of each signal in the 1H NMR spectrum of each of the following compounds: a. ICH2CH2CH2Br b. ClCH2CH2CH2Cl c. ICH2CH2CHBr2
Draw the organic products you would expect to isolate from the following reactions (after hydrolysis). (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (m) (n) (o) (CH2 = CH)2 CuLi + CH3CH2CH= CHCH2Br...
Name each of the following compounds: a. b. [CH3(CH2)2CO2-]2Ca2+ c. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2COOC6H5 d. CF3CO2CH3 e. HCONH2 f. COO NH4 CH3(CH2)2-C-0-C (CH2)CH
Draw all the distinct stereoisomers for each structure. Show the relationships (enantiomers, diastereomers, etc.) between the isomers. Label any meso isomers, and draw any mirror planes of symmetry....
The pure rotational microwave spectrum of HCI has absorption lines at the following wave numbers (in cm-1): 21.19, 42.37, 63.56, 84.75, 105.93, 127.12148.31169.49,190.68,211.87,233.06,254.24, 275.43,...
You perform some experiments for the reaction A B + C and determine the rate law has the form Rate = k[A]x Calculate the value of exponent x for each of the following. a. [A] is tripled and you...
Although somewhat toxic, barium chloride has been used as a cardiac stimulant. Calculate the number of moles of barium chloride in 427 g of a 3.17% by mass barium chloride solution?
When N,N'-diphenylurea (A) is reacted with tosyl chloride in pyridine, it yields product B. The spectral data for B include: MS (m/z): 194 (M+.) IR (cm-1): 3060, 2130, 1590, 1490, 760, 700 1H NMR...
What are the relative values of the chemical shifts observed for nuclei in the spectrometers mentioned in Exercise 15.8a in terms of? (a) Values, (b) Frequencies?
Ammonia (NH3) boils at -33 C; at this temperature it has a density of 0.81 g/cm3. The enthalpy of formation of NH3(g) is -46.2 kJ/mol, and the enthalpy of vaporization of NH3(l) is 23.2 kJ/mol....
On March 1, 2014, Catalin Corporation issued $ 40 million in bonds that mature in 10 years. The bonds have a stated interest rate of 5.8 percent and pay interest on March 1 and September 1. When the...
Ethanol (C2H5OH) and gasoline (assumed to be all octane, C8H18) are both used as automobile fuel. If gasoline is selling for $4.50/gal, what would the price of ethanol have to be in order to provide...
Two groups of protons are made equivalent by the isomerization of a fluxional molecule. At low temperatures, where the interconversion is slow, one group has 0=5.5 and the other has 0=6.8. At what...
For a 0.00554 mol sample of H2, P = 23.44 torr and T = 557 K. What is its volume?
Provide a mechanistic explanation for each of the following reactions: (a) (b) (c) (d) acid (cat.) OH (major product) acid (cat.) (major product) AgNO3 EtOH (major product) Ph. H EtONa EtOH, ,Ph Ph...
The overall reaction for the electrolytic production of aluminum by means of the Hall process may be represented as Al2O3 (s) + 3C (s) 2Al(l) + 3CO(g) At 1000C, the standard free-energy change for...
Propose a synthesis of Beginning with cyclohexanone, And 3-bromopropanol? CTI2CTH,CTHhOH
a. Shown here are several potential Lewis electron-dot formulas for the SeO2 molecule. Are there any electron-dot formulas that you expect to give the best description? How would you describe the...
An excess of zinc metal is added to 50.0 mL of a 0.100 M AgNO3 solution in a constant-pressure calorimeter like the one pictured in Figure 6.9. As a result of the reaction The temperature rises from...
Show how you would use Grignard syntheses to prepare the following alcohols from the indicated starting materials and any other necessary reagents. (a) octan-3-ol from hexanal, CH3 (CH2)4CHO (b)...
Heating 1,1,1-triphenylmethanol with ethanol containing a trace of a strong acid causes the formation of 1-ethoxy-1,1,1-triphenylmethane. Write a plausible mechanism that accounts for the formation...
Grocery Corporation sold $ 500,000, 7 percent notes on January 1, 2014, at a market rate of 8 percent. The notes were dated January 1, 2014, with interest to be paid each December 31; they mature 10...
Pure (S)-2-bromo-2-fluorobutane reacts with methoxide ion in methanol to give a mixture of (S) 2-fluoro-2-methoxybutane and three fluoroalkenes. (a) Use mechanisms to show which three fluoroalkenes...
Show how Diels-Alder reactions might be used to synthesize the following compounds. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) CH 3COOCH CH3 CN CN CI CI Cl Cl Cl CI CI C chlordane CI CI Cl Cl CI C aldrin CN...
Outline a synthesis for each of the following compounds in stereochemically pure form from enantiomerically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyloxirane: (a) (b) CH,O O (3S)-CH CHC CH ., , , OCH (2S,3R)-CH CH...
A graduate student was following a procedure to make 3-propylcyclohexa-1,4-diene. During the workup procedure, his research adviser called him into her office. By the time the student returned to his...
Match each of the 1H NMR spectra on page 575 with one of the following compounds: a. b. c. CHj CH3CH CCH CH CH CH2CCH2CH3 CH CH3 CH3CH2CH2NO2 C CHCHBr CH CHBr 7 4 0 (ppm) frequency 8 4 0 ( ppm)...
Consider the statement: "The equilibrium constant of a reacting mixture of solid NH4Cl and gaseous NH3 and HCl is 0.316." List three important pieces of information that are missing from this...
a. When 0.10 mol of the ionic solid NaX, where X is an unknown anion, is dissolved in enough water to make 1.0 L of Concept Explorations solution, the pH of the solution is 9.12. When 0.10 mol of the...
Consider a zero-coupon bond with nominal $100 and annual yield of 5%, with one year to maturity. You believe that after one week the yield will change from 5% to 5:5%. Find the expected change in the...
Predict the approximate chemical shifts of the protons in the following compounds. (a) Benzene (b) Cyclohexane (c) CH3-O-CH2CH2CH2Cl (d) CH3CH2-C¡¡C-H (e) (f) (CH3)2CH-O-CH2CH2OH (g) (h)...
The following reaction represents the removal of ozone in the stratosphere: 2O3(g) 3O2(g) Calculate the equilibrium constant (KP) for the reaction. In view of the magnitude of the equilibrium...
The thermal degradation of silk was studied by Kuruppillai, Hersh, and Tucker (Historic Textile and Paper Materials, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series, No. 212, 1986) by measuring the tensile strength...
Rogers Communications Inc. is a diversified Canadian communications and media company engaged in wireless, cable, and media communications. On March 15, 2013, Rogers sold notes with the following...
A mercury lamp contains 0.0055 g of Hg vapor in a volume of 15.0 mL. If the operating temperature is 2,800 K, what is the pressure of the mercury vapor?
Describe in which ways the 1H NMR spectra of the compounds below would be similar and how they would differ. Address each of the four issues you listed in Problem 41. To which compound class does...
Sikes Corporation, whose fiscal year ends on December 31, issued the following bonds: Date of bonds: January 1, 2015 Maturity amount and date: $ 10 million due in 10 years (December 31, 2024)...
Predict the major products of the following reactions, and give the structures of any intermediates. Include stereochemistry where appropriate. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n)...
Describe the characteristic infrared absorption frequencies that would allow you to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (a) 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene and 2,3-dimethylbut-1-ene (b)...
CM Entertainment Inc. owns and operates movie theatres. The company sold 6.5 percent bonds for $ 105,000,000 and used the cash proceeds to retire bonds with a face value of $ 100,000,000 with a...
Hydrogen sulfide gas is a poisonous gas with the odor of rotten eggs. It occurs in natural gas and is produced during the decay of organic matter, which contains sulfur. The gas burns in oxygen as...
Write in full the mechanism for monobromination of methane. Be sure to include initiation, propagation, and termination steps.
Without consulting Appendix 3, predict whether the entropy change is positive or negative for each of the following reactions. Give reasons for your predictions. (a) 2KClO4(s) 2KClO3(s) + O2(g) (b)...
A 1.0-L solution that is 1.6 M in ammonia is mixed with 75.8 g of ammonium sulfate. a. What is the hydroxide-ion concentration of this solution? b. 0.058 mol of MnCl2 is added to the above solution....
Consider three hypothetical ionic solids: AX, AX2, and AX3 (each X forms X). Each of these solids has the same Ksp value, 5.5 107. You place 0.25 mol of each compound in a separate container and add...
In a laboratory, two liquids, A and B, were found in a box labeled only "isomeric alkyl halides C5H11Br." You have been employed to deduce the structures of these compounds from the following data...
Repeat Problem 4.31 for the chlorination of acetophenone, and explain why the product is m-chloroacetophenone. Problem 4.31 Draw all possible contributing structures to the carbocation intermediate...
Which species in each pair is a better reducing agent under standard-state conditions? (a) Na or Li. (b) H2 or I2. (c) Fe2+ or Ag. (d) Br- or Co2+.
If 3.45 1022 atoms of Ar have a volume of 1.55 L at a certain temperature and pressure, what volume do 6.00 1023 atoms of Ar have at the same temperature and pressure?
Give the structure of a hydrocarbon that has six carbon atoms and a. Three vinylic hydrogens and two allylic hydrogens. b. Three vinylic hydrogens and one allylic hydrogen. c. Three vinylic hydrogens...
Stein Corporation issued a $ 1,000 bond on January 1, 2014. The bond specified an interest rate of 9 percent payable at the end of each year. The bond matures at the end of 2016. It was sold at a...
The Hsub of naphthalene (C10H8) is 72.6kJ/mol. What energy is needed to sublime 100.0 g of C10H8?
Show how you would accomplish the following synthetic transformations. Show all intermediates. (a) 2,2-dibromobutane but-1-yne (b) 2,2-dibromobutane but-2-yne (c) but-1-yne oct-3-yne (d)...
A thorium-232 nucleus decays by a series of alpha and beta emissions until it reaches lead 208. How many alpha emissions and how many beta emissions occur in this series of decays?
Initially a mixture contains 0.795 mol each of N2 and O2 in an 8.00-L vessel. Find the composition of the mixture when equilibrium is reached at 3900oC. The reaction is and Kc = 0.0123 at 3900oC....
The estimated amount of recoverable oil from the field at Prudhoe Bay in Alaska is 1.3 1010 barrels. What is this amount of oil in cubic meters? One barrel = 42 gal (exact), 1 gal = 4 qt (exact),...
What reaction occurs when each of the following is dissolved in water? a. HF b. NaF c. C6H5NH2 d. C6H5NH3Cl
Consider the cis and trans isomers of 1, 3-di-tert-butylcyclohexane (build molecular models). What unusual feature accounts for the fact that one of these isomers apparently exists in a twist boat...
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is a poisonous gas with the odor of rotten eggs. The reaction for the formation of H2S from the elements is Use Hesss law to obtain the enthalpy change for this reaction from...
International Business Machines ( IBM) is a leading provider of computer products and services. The company is known for its hardware products but has focused on providing information technology...
The following are common household compounds: table salt (NaCl), table sugar (sucrose), vinegar (contains acetic acid), baking soda (NaHCO3), washing soda (Na2CO3? 10H2O), boric acid (H3BO3, used in...
Write chemical equations for the acid ionizations of each of the following weak acids (express these in terms of H3O+). a. HCO2H (formic acid) b. HF (hydrofluoric acid) c. HN3 (hydrazoic acid) d....
Sulfur-containing compounds give skunks their potent smell. One of the principal smelly compounds in skunk spray is (E)-2-butene-1-thiol, C4H7S. a. What is the root-mean-square (rms) molecular speed...
We have seen many examples where halogens add to alkenes with anti stereochemistry via the halonium ion mechanism.However, when 1-phenylcyclohexene reacts with chlorine in carbon tetrachloride, a...
The reaction C6H6(l) + Br2(l) C6H5Br(l) + HBr(g) the products have a lower energy than the reactants. a. Predict the sign of the entropy change for this reaction. Explain. b. Predict whether...
Propose mechanisms consistent with the following reactions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Br HBr ROOR OH H,O Br HBr Br CHB3 NaOH Br Cl OCH2CH3 HCI CH CH2OH CH,CH HT H20 CH CH CH2CH '
Give an equation for the complete hydrogenation of trilinolein using an excess of hydrogen. Name the product, and predict approximate melting points for the starting material and the product.
The head of a strike anywhere match contains tetraphosphorus trisulfide, P4S3. In an experiment, a student burned this compound in an excess of oxygen and found that it evolved 3651 kJ of heat per...
Predict the products of the following SN2 reactions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) CH2CH BrNaCN S Na CH CH2Br N: + CH3I (CH3)3C- CH2CH2Br excess NH3 CNaOH OH CHCHOR NaOH Br
Deduce the structure of a compound having the mass spectrum and 1H NMR spectrum presented in Figure 13.43. Figure 13.43 100 80 E 60 e 40 20 134 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 30 140 50 nuz 15...
A gas has an initial volume of 685 mL and an initial temperature of 29C. What is its new temperature if volume is changed to 1.006 L? Assume pressure and amount are held constant.
One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 1024 g. What is the mass of one atom of sodium?
Red light-emitting diodes are made from GaAs and GaP solid solutions, GaPxAs1-x (see Exercise 12.73). The original red LEDs emitted light with a wavelength of 660 nm. If we assume that the band gap...
Chromium forms cubic crystals whose unit cell has an edge length of 288.5 pm. The density of the metal is 7.20 g/cm3. Use these data and the atomic mass to calculate the number of atoms in a unit...
Compound B, an isomer of A (Problem 20.47), is also soluble in dilute HCl. The IR spectrum of B shows no bands in the 3300-3500-cm-1 region. The broadband proton-decoupled 13C spectrum of B is given...
Show how you would synthesize the following compounds, starting with acetylene and any compounds containing no more than four carbon atoms. (a) hex-1-yne (b) hex-2-yne (c) cis-hex-2-ene (d)...
Draw the important resonance contributors for the following cations, anions, and radicals. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) CH CH 2 - CH2 OF OCH3
Draw all possible contributing structures to the carbocation intermediate in the chlorination of chlorobenzene. Explain why the major products are o- and p-dichlorobenzene
For each pair of the following molecules, indicate whether its members are identical, structural isomers, conformers, or stereoisomers. How would you describe the relation between conformations when...
Will an amide be formed from the reaction of an acyl chloride with an aqueous solution of pyridine? Explain your answer.
There are three dioxane isomers: 1, 2-dioxane, 1, 3-dioxane, and 1, 4-dioxane. One of these acts like an ether and is an excellent solvent for Grignard reactions. Another one is potentially explosive...
As an approximation, we can assume that proteins exist either in the native (or physiologically functioning) state and the denatured state Native denatured The standard molar enthalpy and entropy of...
Treatment of the alcohol whose structure is shown here with sulfuric acid gave as the major organic product a tricyclic hydrocarbon of molecular formula C16H16. Suggest a reasonable structure for...
Use Avogadros law to determine the final volume of a gas whose initial volume is 6.72 L, initial amount is 3.88 mol, and final amount is 6.10 mol. Assume pressure and temperature are held constant.
What is the work when 124 mL of gas contract to 72.0 mL under an external pressure of 822 torr?
You put 0.10-mol samples of KNO3, (NH4)2S, K2S, MnS, AgCl, and BaSO4 into separate flasks and add 1.0 L of water to each one. Then you stir the solutions for 5 minutes at room temperature. Assume...
Which compound is not a meso compound? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Cl Cl CH3 Cl Cl Cl
Explain why sucrose is a non reducing sugar but maltose is a reducing sugar.
Dr. Don T. Doit wanted to synthesize the anesthetic 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane. He used ethoxide ion and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane for his synthesis and ended up with very little ether. What was the...
What is the energy of a photon if its frequency is 5.55 1013 s1?
Predict the organic product from each of the following reduction reactions. (a) (b) (c) OH NaBH (1) LiAIH (2) aq. H2SO NaBH
Give the product expected (if any) when butyraldehyde (butanal) reacts with each of the following reagents. (a) PhMgBr, then dilute H3O+ (b) LiAlH4 in ether, then H3O+ (c) Alkaline KMnO4, then H3O+...
Both the amide ion (NH2-) and the nitride ion (N3-) are stronger bases than the hydroxide ion and hence do not exist in aqueous solutions. (a) Write equations showing the reactions of these ions with...
Which has the greater volume, 100.0 g of iron (d = 7.87 g/cm3) or 75.0 g of gold (d = 19.3 g/cm3)?
If HNO2 is dissociated only to an extent of 0.445%, what are [H+] and [OH] in a 0.307 M solution of HNO2?