How might a meal of a cheeseburger and fries be processed by the cellular respiration pathways?

Which of the following is not a function of the liver in adults? a. Produces bile. b. Detoxifies alcohol. c. Stores glucose. d. produces urea. e. makes red blood cells.

Label this diagram of the human respiratory tract? b.

Pain perceived as coming from another location is known as a. Intercepted pain. b. Phantom pain. c. Referred pain d. Parietal pain.

Which hormones can cross cell membranes? a. Peptide hormones b. Steroid hormones c. Both A and b are correct. d. Neither A nor b is correct.

Why is cancer called a genetic disease? a. Cancer is always inherited. b. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by mutations. c. Cancer causes mutations that are passed on to offspring. d. All of these are...

Which of the following is not a warning signal for cancer? a. A sore that does not heal b. Change in bowel or bladder habits c. Nagging cough or hoarseness d. Shortness of breath or fatigue

According to the principle of complementarity, how does anatomy relate to physiology?

Compare and contrast blood, interstitial fluid, and lymph.

For each of the following scenarios, explain which type of microscope(s) would provide the best image. a. When motility in a live specimen must be viewed b. When intracellular structures must be...

a. Create a paragraph to differentiate among the following terms: positive stain, negative stain, simple stain, and differential stain. b. For each of the following scenarios, explain which staining...

a. Explain why the nervous system is described as immunologically privileged, and discuss whether this provides a beneficial or disadvantageous effect in this system. b. Discuss the defenses a...

a. List examples of biotic and abiotic factors that contribute to a microbes ability to survive within a habitat. b. Define the term niche, and describe the many roles microbes fulfill in an...

Discuss some advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophage therapy in treating bacterial infections.

Assume you are given two cultures of rod-shaped bacteria, one gram-positive and the other gram-negative. How could you differentiate them using (a) Light microscopy; (b) Electron microscopy; (c)...

For the following sequences, construct the phylogenetic tree that best depicts their evolutionary relationships. Taxon 1: ......... GTTCCCTTA Taxon 2: ......... GTTCGGTAT Taxon 3: ............

The hydrolysis of a phenylalanine-containing peptide is catalyzed by a-chymotrypsin with the following results. Calculate KM and Vmax for the reaction. Peptide Concentration (M)Velocity (M min-1) 2.5...

This graph shows facilitated diffusion of a compound across a cytoplasmic membrane and into a cell. As the external concentration of the compound is increased, the rate of uptake increases until it...

Explain how the Golgi apparatus cooperatively functions with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Explain why basic dyes are used more frequently than acidic dyes in staining.

Describe what happens at each step in the Gram stain.

Biologists who study plants growing high in the Alps found that plants adapted to cold-mountain conditions migrated up the peaks as fast as 3.7 m (12.1 ft) per decade during the 20th century,...

Compare the benefits and drawbacks of China's Three Gorges Dam. Do you think the dam will do more harm or more good for China? Explain your answer.

What roles, if any, do bacteria play in primary and secondary treatment of wastewater?

Is the Clean Water Act related to the quality of U. S. public drinking water? Explain your answer.

What is the global ocean, and how does it affect Earth's environment?

When major oil spills like the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon occur, many people place the blame on the owners or operators. Consider whether people who benefit from petroleum products...

Explain why the common assumption that larger families reduce child-rearing quality, resulting in less intelligent children, is mistaken.

How do the diverse capacities of newborn babies contribute to their first social relationships? Provide as many examples as you can.

After several weeks of crawling, Ben learned to avoid going headfirst over a drop-off. Now he has started to walk. Can his mother trust him not to step over a risky drop-off? Explain, using the...

Explain why breastfeeding can have lifelong consequences for the development of babies born in poverty-stricken regions of the world.

Using what you learned about brain development in Chapter 5, explain why it is best to initiate intervention for poverty-stricken children in the first two years rather than later.

List techniques that parents can use to scaffold the development of categorization in infancy and toddlerhood, and explain why each is effective.

Len, a caregiver of 1- and 2-year-olds, wonders whether toddlers recognize themselves. List signs of self-recognition in the second year that Len can observe. What behaviors reveal that toddlers are...

Why do children of depressed parents have difficulty regulating emotion (see page 153 in Chapter 4)? What implications do their weak self-regulatory skills have for their response to cognitive and...

Compare outcomes resulting from preschool intervention programs with those from interventions beginning in infancy. Which are more likely to lead to lasting cognitive gains? Explain.

Your senator has heard that IQ gains resulting from Head Start do not last, so he plans to vote against additional funding. Write a letter explaining why he should support Head Start.

Explain how children's strategies for word learning support the interactionist perspective on language development, described on page 234in Chapter 6.

Make-believe play promotes both cognitive and social development (see page 313). Explain why this is so.

Sandy wonders why her daughter Mira's teacher often has students work on assignments in small, cooperative groups. Explain the benefits of this approach to Sandy. What must Mira's teacher do to...

Explain how advances in perspective taking contribute to school-age children's improved ability to draw and use maps.

Describe and explain changes in sibling relationships during middle childhood.

Explain how results of the 4Rs program illustrate the concept of developmental cascade.

What cognitive changes, described in Chapter 12 (pages440-441), support the transition to a self-concept emphasizing competencies, personality traits, and social comparisons?

Return to page389 in Chapter 10, and review the concept of androgyny. Which of the two sexes is more androgynous in middle childhood, and why?

Calculate the pH values and draw the titration curve for the titration of 500 mL of 0.010 M acetic acid (pKa 4.76) with 0.010 M KOH.

The major difference between a protein molecule in its native state and in its denatured state lies in the number of conformations available. To a first approximation, the native, folded state can be...

Rank the following in terms of predicted rates: the nucleation of an helix; the nucleation of parallel sheet; the nucleation of an anti parallel sheet. Justify your predictions.

Free energy changes under intracellular conditions dier markedly from those determined under standard conditions. G = - 30.5 kJ/mol for ATP hydrolysis to ADP and Pi. Calculate G for ATP hydrolysis in...

Below are shown two views of the backbone representation of the Myc-Max complex binding to DNA (PDB ID: 1npk). Side view of Myc-Max bound to DNA Top view of Myc-Max bound to DNA(looking down the DNA...

Suppose that aconitase did not bind its substrate asymmetrically. What fraction of the carbon atoms introduced in one cycle as acetyl-CoA would be released in the first turn of the cycle? What...

Radioactive uracil can be used to label all of the pyrimidine residues in DNA. Using either names or structures, present pathways for the conversion of uracil to dTTP and to dCTP for each reaction,...

For some time it was not clear whether lac repressor inhibits lac operon transcription by inhibiting the binding of RNA polymerase to its promoter or by allowing transcription initiation but blocking...

DNA renaturation curves occasionally show three distinct phases of renaturation. In this graph, DNA renaturation is plotted against "C0t" (initial concentration times time of renaturation-essentially...

Draw the structures of the conjugate bases of the following acids: (a) (b) H-CH NH COO H-C CH2 COOH NH

Draw the tautomeric form of adenine.

Using the data in Table 3-3, compute the average chromosome length in humans. Assuming that the length of ten base pairs of DNA found in one turn of the helix is 34, what is the average length of a...

The adenine derivative hypoxanthine can base-pair with cytosine. Draw the structure of this base pair. N, Hypoxanthine

Treatment of a polypeptide with 2-mercaptoethanol yields two polypeptides: 1. Ala-Val-Cys-Arg-Thr-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Leu 2. Tyr-Lys-Cys-Phe-Arg-His-Thr-Lys-Cys-Ser Treatment of the intact...

What is meant by (a) the steady state assumption, (b) KM, (c) kcat, (d) turnover number, (e) catalytic efficiency, and (f) diffusion-controlled limit?

Is it necessary for measurements of reaction velocity to be expressed in units of concentration per time (M s-1, for example) in order to calculate an enzyme's KM?

You are trying to determine the KM for an enzyme. Due to a lab mishap, you have only two usable data points: Use these data to calculate an approximate value for KM. Is this value likely to be an...

Evaluate the accuracy of the following two statements on the interpretation of DNA chip results such as those presented in Figures 14-18 and 14-19. (a) DNA chip data allow one to determine the number...

Is the reduced form of cytochrome c more likely to give up its electron to oxidized cytochrome a or cytochrome b?

Under standard conditions, will the following reaction proceed spontaneously as written? Fumarate NADHHsuccinate NAD 1

Under standard conditions, will the following reaction proceed spontaneously as written? Cyto a(Fe + cyto b(Fe) oto a(Fe")+ ono b(Fe) 3 +

Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of free FADH2 by ubiquinone sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP?

Methanogens are prokaryotes that produce methane according to the net equation Some bacteria consume methane according to the net equation (a) Classify these two types of bacteria as autotrophic or...

Would gene chips containing bacterial DNA segments be useful for monitoring gene expression in a mammalian cell?

Why do DNA chips often contain segments derived from cDNA rather than genomic DNA segments?

A certain metabolic reaction takes the form A B. Its standard free energy change is 7.5 kJ mol-1. (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25C. (b) Calculate G at 37C when the...

The compound you identified in Problem 7 is a metabolic regulator. Predict its effect on (a) hexokinase and (b) PFK.

The rate of debranching is much slower than that of phosphorolysis. Explain how highly branched glycogen molecules release glucose-1-phosphate at a greater rate than relatively unbranched ones.

In the Cori cycle, the lactate product of glycolysis in muscle is transformed back into glucose by the liver. (a) List the enzymes involved in the lactate ( glucose pathway. (b) What is the net...

Starch synthase in plants contains a single active site that accommodates ADP-glucose. However, cellulose synthase may contain two UDP-glucose-binding active sites. Given the structural differences...

Oxidative phosphorylation requires the transfer of electrons donated by NADH. (a) Is NADH imported directly into the mitochondria? Explain. (b) Describe two import mechanisms that transfer cytosolic...

The half-cell reduction potential is provided by the Nernst equation (Equation 14-8): (a) On the graph below, plot the reduction potentials for the FADH2/FAD half-cell (E°² = - 0.219 V) when...

Why is it disadvantageous for single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast to undergo apoptosis?

When true-breeding mice with brown fur and short tails (BBtt) were crossed to true-breeding mice with white fur and long tails (bbTT), all F1 offspring had brown fur and long tails. The F1 offspring...

Which of the following statements are true about molecular markers? A. All molecular markers are segments of DNA that carry specific genes. B. A molecular marker is a segment of DNA that is found at...

In the Human Genome Project, researchers have collected linkage data from many crosses in which the male was heterozygous for markers and many crosses where the female was heterozygous for markers....

What is the gene pool? How is a gene pool described in a quantitative way?

With regard to genetic drift, are the following statements true or false? If a statement is false, explain why. A. Over the long run, genetic drift leads to allele fixation or loss. B. When a new...

The human MN blood group is determined by two codominant alleles, M and N. The following data were obtained from various human populations: A. Calculate the allele frequencies in these five...

In the treatment of cancer, the basis for many types of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is that mutagens are more effective at killing dividing cells than nondividing cells. Explain why. What are...

In the Western blot shown here, proteins were isolated from red blood cells and muscle cells from two different individuals. One individual was unaffected, and the other individual suffered from a...

Some vectors used in cloning experiments contain bacterial promoters that are adjacent to unique cloning sites. This makes it possible to insert a gene sequence next to the bacterial promoter and...

Compare and contrast the neutral theory of evolution versus the Darwinian (i.e., selectionist) theory of evolution. Explain why the neutral theory of evolution is sometimes called non-Darwinian...

Restriction enzymes, described in Chapter 20, are enzymes that recognize a particular DNA sequence and cleave the DNA (along the DNA backbone) at that site. The restriction enzyme known as Notl...

Describe the major steps leading to the formation of a blood clot.

Why is injecting a substance into the skin like injecting it into the lymphatic system?

Draw a lymph node, and label its parts.

Explain the functions of a lymph node.

Humans produce only humans. (a) Life is organized. (b) Living things reproduce and grow. (c) Living things respond to stimuli. (d) Living things have an evolutionary history. (e) Living things...

What are the building blocks of proteins? How do these components bond together to make a protein?

Explain why skeletal muscle contraction has an effect on venous flow but not arterial flow?

Adjustment of the lens to focus on objects close to the viewer is called a. Convergence. b. Visual accommodation. c. Focusing. d. Constriction.

To focus on objects that are close to the viewer, the a. Suspensory ligaments must be pulled tight. b. Lens need s to become more rounded. c. Ciliary muscle will be relaxed. d. Image must focus on...

What is an aura?

Trace one drop of blood from the time it enters the right atrium until it enters the left atrium. What is this circuit called?