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physics
electricity and magnetism

Questions and Answers of Electricity and Magnetism

Suppose an electron is chasing a proton up this page when they suddenly enter a magnetic field perpendicular to the page. What happens to the particles?
How can the motion of a moving charged particle be used to distinguish between a magnetic field and an electric field? Give a specific example to justify your argument.
List several similarities and differences between electric and magnetic forces.
Justify the following statement: “It is impossible for a constant (in other words, a time-independent) magnetic field to alter the speed of a charged particle.”
In view of your answer to Question 7, what is the role of a magnetic field in a cyclotron?
The electron beam in Figure Q29.9 is projected to the right. The beam deflects downward in the presence of a magnetic field produced by a pair of current-carrying coils.(a) What is the direction of
A current-carrying conductor experiences no magnetic force when placed in a certain manner in a uniform magnetic field. Explain.
Is it possible to orient a current loop in a uniform magnetic field such that the loop does not tend to rotate? Explain.
Explain why it is not possible to determine the charge and the mass of a charged particle separately by measuring accelerations produced by electric and magnetic forces on the particle.
How can a current loop be used to determine the presence of a magnetic field in a given region of space?
Charged particles from outer space, called cosmic rays, strike the Earth more frequently near the poles than near the equator. Why?
What is the net force on a compass needle in a uniform magnetic field?
What type of magnetic field is required to exert a resultant force on a magnetic dipole? What is the direction of the resultant force?
A proton moving horizontally enters a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the proton€™s velocity, as shown in Figure Q29.17. Describe the subsequent motion of the proton. How would an
In the cyclotron, why do particles having different speeds take the same amount of time to complete a one-half circle trip around one dee?
The bubble chamber is a device used for observing tracks of particles that pass through the chamber, which is immersed in a magnetic field. If some of the tracks are spirals and others are straight
Can a constant magnetic field set into motion an electron initially at rest? Explain your answer.
You are designing a magnetic probe that uses the Hall effect to measure magnetic fields. Assume that you are restricted to using a given material and that you have already made the probe as thin as
Is the magnetic field created by a current loop uniform? Explain.
A current in a conductor produces a magnetic field that can be calculated using the Biot–Savart law. Because current is defined as the rate of flow of charge, what can you conclude about the
Explain why two parallel wires carrying currents in opposite directions repel each other.
Parallel current-carrying wires exert magnetic forces on each other. What about perpendicular wires? Imagine two such wires oriented perpendicular to each other and almost touching. Does a magnetic
Is Ampere’s law valid for all closed paths surrounding a conductor? Why is it not useful for calculating B for all such paths?
Compare Ampere’s law with the Biot–Savart law. Which is more generally useful for calculating B for a current carrying conductor?
Is the magnetic field inside a toroid uniform? Explain.
Describe the similarities between Ampere’s law in magnetism and Gauss’s law in electrostatics.
A hollow copper tube carries a current along its length. Why is B = 0 inside the tube? Is B nonzero outside the tube?
Describe the change in the magnetic field in the space enclosed by a solenoid carrying a steady current I if (a) The length of the solenoid is doubled but the number of turns remains the same and (b)
A flat conducting loop is located in a uniform magnetic field directed along the x axis. For what orientation of the loop is the flux through it a maximum? A minimum?
What new concept did Maxwell’s generalized form of Ampere’s law include?
Many loops of wire are wrapped around a nail and the ends of the wire are connected to a battery. Identify the source of M, of H, and of B.
A magnet attracts a piece of iron. The iron can then attract another piece of iron. On the basis of domain alignment, explain what happens in each piece of iron.
Why does hitting a magnet with a hammer cause the magnetism to be reduced?
A Hindu ruler once suggested that he be entombed in a magnetic coffin with the polarity arranged so that he would be forever suspended between heaven and Earth. Is such magnetic levitation possible?
Why is M = 0 in a vacuum? What is the relationship between B and H in a vacuum?
Explain why some atoms have permanent magnetic dipole moments and others do not.
What factors contribute to the total magnetic dipole moment of an atom?
Why is the susceptibility of a diamagnetic substance negative?
Why can the effect of diamagnetism be neglected in a paramagnetic substance?
Explain the significance of the Curie temperature for a ferromagnetic substance.
Discuss the difference among ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic substances.
A current in a solenoid having air in the interior creates a magnetic field B = #0H. Describe qualitatively what happens to the magnitude of B as (a) Aluminum,(b) Copper, and (c) Iron are placed in
What is the difference between hard and soft ferromagnetic materials?
Should the surface of a computer disk be made from a hard or a soft ferromagnetic substance?
Explain why it is desirable to use hard ferromagnetic materials to make permanent magnets.
Would you expect the tape from a tape recorder to be attracted to a magnet? (Try it, but not with a recording you wish to save.)
Given only a strong magnet and a screwdriver, how would you first magnetize and then demagnetize the screwdriver?
Which way would a compass point if you were at the north magnetic pole of the Earth?
Figure Q30.31 shows two permanent magnets, each having a hole through its center. Note that the upper magnet is levitated above the lower one.(a) How does this occur?(b) What purpose does the pencil
What is the difference between magnetic flux and magnetic field?
A loop of wire is placed in a uniform magnetic field for what orientation of the loop is the magnetic flux a maximum? For what orientation is the flux zero?
As the bar in Figure Q31.3 moves to the right, an electric field is set up directed downward in the bar. Explain why the electric field would be upward if the bar were moving to the left.
As the bar in Figure Q31.3 moves perpendicular to the field, is an external force required to keep it moving with constant speed?
The bar in Figure Q31.5 moves on rails to the right with a velocity v, and the uniform, constant magnetic field is directed out of the page. Why is the induced current clockwise? If the bar were
Explain why an applied force is necessary to keep the bar in Figure Q31.5 moving with a constant speed.
Wearing a metal bracelet in a region of strong magnetic field could be hazardous. Explain.
When a small magnet is moved toward a solenoid, an emf is induced in the coil. However, if the magnet is moved around inside a toroid, no measurable emf is induced. Explain.
How is energy produced in dams that is then transferred out by electrical transmission? (That is, how is the energy of motion of the water converted to energy that is transmitted by AC electricity?)
Will dropping a magnet down a long copper tube produce a current in the walls of the tube? Explain.
A piece of aluminum is dropped vertically downward between the poles of an electromagnet. Does the magnetic field affect the velocity of the aluminum?
What happens when the rotational speed of a generator coil is increased?
When the switch in Figure Q31.13a is closed, a current is set up in the coil and the metal ring springs upward (Fig. Q31.13b). Explain this behavior
Assume that the battery in Figure Q31.13a is replaced by an AC source and the switch is held closed. If held down, the metal ring on top of the solenoid becomes hot. Why?
A bar magnet is held above a loop of wire in a horizontal plane, as shown in Figure Q31.15. The south end of the magnet is toward the loop of wire. The magnet is dropped toward the loop. Find the
Find the direction of the current in the resistor in Figure Q31.16(a) At the instant the switch is closed,(b) After the switch has been closed for several minutes, and(c) At the instant the switch is
Quick Quiz 31.4 describes the emf induced between the wingtips of an airplane by its motion in the Earth’s magnetic field. Can this emf be used to power a light in the passenger compartment?
Do Maxwell’s equations allow for the existence of magnetic monopoles? Explain.
Induction welding has many important industrial applications. One example is the manufacture of airtight tubes, represented in Figure Q31.19. A sheet of metal is rolled into a cylinder and forced
Why is the induced emf that appears in an inductor called a “counter” or “back” emf?
The current in a circuit containing a coil, resistor, and battery has reached a constant value. Does the coil have an inductance? Does the coil affect the value of the current?
What parameters affect the inductance of a coil? Does the inductance of a coil depend on the current in the coil?
How can a long piece of wire be wound on a spool so that the wire has a negligible self-inductance?
For the series RL circuit shown in Figure Q32.5, can the back emf ever be greater than the battery emf? Explain.
Suppose the switch in Figure Q32.5 has been closed for a long time and is suddenly opened. Does the current instantaneously drop to zero? Why does a spark appear at the switch contacts at the moment
A switch controls the current in a circuit that has a large inductance. Is a spark (see Figure Q32.7) more likely to be produced at the switch when the switch is being closed or when it is being
Consider this thesis: “Joseph Henry, America’s first professional physicist, caused the most recent basic change in the human view of the Universe when he discovered self-induction during a
What in your view comprises the Universe? If the current in an inductor is doubled, by what factor does the stored energy change?
Discuss the similarities between the energy stored in the electric field of a charged capacitor and the energy stored in the magnetic field of a current-carrying coil.
What is the inductance of two inductors connected in series? Does it matter if they are solenoids or toroids?
The centers of two circular loops are separated by a fixed distance for what relative orientation of the loops is their mutual inductance a maximum? a minimum? Explain.
Two solenoids are connected in series so that each carries the same current at any instant. Is mutual induction present? Explain.
In the LC circuit shown in Figure 32.16, the charge on the capacitor is sometimes zero, but at such instants the current in the circuit is not zero. How is this possible?
If the resistance of the wires in an LC circuit were not zero, would the oscillations persist? Explain.
How can you tell whether an RLC circuit is over damped or under damped?
What is the significance of critical damping in an RLC circuit?
Can an object exert a force on itself? When a coil induces an emf in itself, does it exert a force on itself?
How can the average value of a current be zero and yet the square root of the average squared current not be zero?
What is the time average of the €œsquare-wave€ potential shown in Figure Q33.2? What is its rms voltage?
Do AC ammeters and voltmeters read maximum, rms, or average values?
In the clearest terms you can, explain the statement, “The voltage across an inductor leads the current by 90°.”
Some fluorescent lights flicker on and off 120 times every second. Explain what causes this. Why can’t you see it happening?
Why does a capacitor act as a short circuit at high frequencies? Why does it act as an open circuit at low frequencies?
Explain how the mnemonic “ELI the ICE man” can be used to recall whether current leads voltage or voltage leads current in RLC circuits. Note that E represents emf).
Why is the sum of the maximum voltages across each of the elements in a series RLC circuit usually greater than the maximum applied voltage? Doesn’t this violate Kirchhoff’s loop rule?
Does the phase angle depend on frequency? What is the phase angle when the inductive reactance equals the capacitive reactance?
In a series RLC circuit, what is the possible range of values for the phase angle?
If the frequency is doubled in a series RLC circuit, what happens to the resistance, the inductive reactance, and the capacitive reactance?
Explain why the average power delivered to an RLC circuit by the source depends on the phase angle between the current and applied voltage.
As shown in Figure 7.5a, a person pulls a vacuum cleaner at speed v across a horizontal floor, exerting on it a force of magnitude F directed upward at an angle & with the horizontal. At what rate is
A particular experiment requires a beam of light of very stable intensity. Why would an AC voltage be unsuitable for powering the light source?

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