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physics
mechanics
Questions and Answers of
Mechanics
The parallel plates of an isolated capacitor carry opposite charges, Q. If the separation of the plates is increased, is a force required to do so? Is the potential difference changed? What happens
If the electric field E is uniform in a region, what can you infer about the electric potential V? If V is uniform in a region of space, what can you infer about E?
Is the electric potential energy of two isolated unlike charges positive or negative? What about two like charges? What is the significance of the sign of the potential energy in each case?
How does the energy stored in a capacitor change when a dielectric is inserted if(a) The capacitor is isolated so Q does not change;(b) The capacitor remains connected to a battery so V does not
A dielectric is pulled out from between the plates of a capacitor which remains connected to a battery. What changes occur to(a) The capacitance,(b) The charge on the plates,(c) The potential
An electron is accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 0.20 V. How much greater would its final speed be if it is accelerated with four times as much voltage? Explain.
1. A + 0.2 μC charge is in an electric field. What happens if that charge is replaced by a + 0.4 μC charge? (a) The electric potential doubles, but the electric potential energy stays the same. (b)
1. Which of the following is a vector? (a) Electric potential. (b) Electric potential energy. (c) Electric field. (d) Equipotential lines. (e) Capacitance. 2. A + 0.2 μC charge is in an electric
1. Four identical point charges are arranged at the corners of a square. The electric field E and potential V at the center of the square are (a) E = 0, V = 0. (b) E = 0, V ≠ 0. (c) E ≠ 0, V ≠
Which of the following statements is valid? (a) If the potential at a particular point is zero, the field at that point must be zero. (b) If the field at a particular point is zero, the potential at
1. A proton (Q = +e) and an electron (Q = -e) are in a constant electric field created by oppositely charged plates. You release the proton from near the positive plate and the electron from near the
When the proton (Q = +e) and electron (Q = -e) strike the opposite plate, which one has more kinetic energy? (a) The proton. (b) The electron. (c) Both acquire the same kinetic energy. (d)
Which of the following do not affect capacitance?(a) Area of the plates.(b) Separation of the plates.(c) Material between the plates.(d) Charge on the plates.(e) Energy stored in the capacitor.
How much work does the electric field do in moving a -7.7 μC charge from ground to a point whose potential is +65 V higher?
Two parallel plates, connected to a 45-V power supply, are separated by an air gap. How small can the gap be if the air is not to become conducting by exceeding its breakdown value of E = 3 × 106
The work done by an external force to move a -6.50 μC charge from point A to point B is 15.0 × 10-4 J. If the charge was started from rest and had 4.82 × 10-4 J of kinetic energy when it reached
What is the speed of an electron with kinetic energy (a) 850 eV, (b) 0.50 keV?
What is the speed of a proton whose ke is 4.2 keV?
An electric field greater than about 3 × 106 V/m causes air to break down (electrons are removed from the atoms and then recombine, emitting light). If you shuffle along a carpet and then reach for
An electron starting from rest acquires 4.8 keV of KE in moving from point A to point B. (a) How much KE would a proton acquire, starting from rest at B and moving to point A? (b) Determine the ratio
What is the electric potential 15.0 cm from a 3.00 μC point charge?
A point charge Q creates an electric potential of + 165 V at a distance of 15 cm. What is Q?
How much work does the electric field do in moving a proton from a point at a potential of + 125 V to a point at -45 V? Express your answer both in joules and electron volts.
A + 35 μC point charge is placed 46 cm from an identical + 35 μC charge. How much work would be required to move a + 0.50 μC test charge from a point midway between them to a point 12 cm closer to
An electron starts from rest 24.5 cm from a fixed point charge with Q = - 6.50 nC. How fast will the electron be moving when it is very far away?
Two identical + 9.5 μC point charges are initially 5.3 cm from each other. If they are released at the same instant from rest, how fast will each be moving when they are very far away from each
Two point charges, 3.0 μC and - 2.0 μC, are placed 4.0 cm apart on the x axis. At what points along the x axis is(a) The electric field zero(b) The potential zero?
Point a is 62 cm north of a -3.8 μC point charge, and point b is 88 cm west of the charge (Fig. 17-40). Determine(a) Vb - Va(b) Eb - Ea (magnitude and direction).Figure 17-40
Many chemical reactions release energy. Suppose that at the beginning of a reaction, an electron and proton are separated by 0.110 nm, and their final separation is 0.100 nm. How much electric
What potential difference is needed to stop an electron that has an initial velocity v = 6.0 × 105 m/s?
Calculate the electric potential due to a dipole whose dipole moment is 4.2 × 10-30 C∙m at a point 2.4 × 10-9 m away if this point is(a) Along the axis of the dipole nearer the positive
A 0.20-F capacitor is desired. What area must the plates have if they are to be separated by a 3.2-mm air gap?
If a capacitor has opposite 4.2 μC charges on the plates, and an electric field of 2.0 k V/m is desired between the plates, what must each plate's area be?
It takes 18 J of energy to move a 0.30-mC charge from one plate of a 15-μC capacitor to the other. How much charge is on each plate?
How strong is the electric field between the plates of a 0.80-μF air-gap capacitor if they are 2.0 mm apart and each has a charge of 62 μC?
A 2.50-μF capacitor is charged to 746 V and a 6.80-μF capacitor is charged to 562V. These capacitors are then disconnected from their batteries. Next the positive plates are connected to each other
A 7.7-μF capacitor is charged by a 165-V battery (Fig. 17-43a) and then is disconnected from the battery. When this capacitor (C1) is then connected (Fig. 17-43b) to a second (initially
What is the capacitance of a pair of circular plates with a radius of 5.0 cm separated by 2.8 mm of mica?
An uncharged capacitor is connected to a 21.0-V battery until it is fully charged, after which it is disconnected from the battery. A slab of paraffin is then inserted between the plates. What will
A 3500-pF air-gap capacitor is connected to a 32-V battery. If a piece of mica is placed between the plates, how much charge will flow from the battery?
The electric field between the plates of a paper-separated (K = 3.75) capacitor is 8.24 × 104 V/m. The plates are 1.95 mm apart, and the charge on each is 0.675 μC. Determine the capacitance of
How much energy is stored by the electric field between two square plates, 8.0 cm on a side, separated by a 1.5-mm air gap? The charges on the plates are equal and opposite and of magnitude 370 μC.
A homemade capacitor is assembled by placing two 9-in. pie pans 4 cm apart and connecting them to the opposite terminals of a 9-V battery. Estimate (a) The capacitance, (b) The charge on each
A 3.70-μF capacitor is charged by a 12.0-V battery. It is disconnected from the battery and then connected to an uncharged 5.00-μF capacitor (Fig.17-43). Determine the total stored energy (a)
Write the decimal number 116 in binary.
Write the binary number 01010101 as a decimal number.
Write the binary number 1010101010101010 as a decimal number.
Consider a rather coarse 4-bit analog-to-digital conversion where the maximum voltage is 5.0 V.(a) What voltage does 1011 represent?(b) What is the 4-bit representation for 2.0 V?
(a) 16-bit sampling provides how many different possible voltages?(b) 24-bit sampling provides how many different possible voltages?(c) For color TV, 3 subpixels, each 8 bits, provides a total of how
A few extraterrestrials arrived. They had two hands, but claimed that 3 + 2 = 11. How many fingers did they have on their two hands? Our decimal system (and ten characters: 0, 1, 2,∙∙∙, 9)
Figure 17-44 is a photograph of a computer screen shot by a camera set at an exposure time of 1/4s. During the exposure the cursor arrow was moved around by the mouse, and we see it 15 times.(a)
In a given CRT, electrons are accelerated horizontally by 9.0 kV. They then pass through a uniform electric field E for a distance of 2.8 cm, which deflects them upward so they travel 22 cm to the
A lightning flash transfers 4.0 C of charge and 5.2 MJ of energy to the Earth. (a) Across what potential difference did it travel? (b) How much water could this boil and vaporize, starting from room
An electric field of 525 V/m is desired between two parallel plates 11.0 mm apart. How large a voltage should be applied?
A huge 4.0-F capacitor has enough stored energy to heat 2.8 kg of water from 21°C to 95°C. What is the potential difference across the plates?
A proton (q = +e) and an alpha particle (q = +2e) are accelerated by the same voltage V. Which gains the greater kinetic energy, and by what factor?
Dry air will break down if the electric field exceeds 3.0 × 106 V/m. What amount of charge can be placed on a parallel-plate capacitor if the area of each plate is 65 cm2?
It takes 15.2 J of energy to move a 13.0-mC charge from one plate of a 17.0-μF capacitor to the other. How much charge is on each plate? Assume constant voltage.
A 3.4 μC and a -2.6 μC charge are placed 2.5 cm apart. At what points along the line joining them is(a) The electric field zero,(b) The electric potential zero?
The power supply for a pulsed nitrogen laser has a 0.050-μF capacitor with a maximum voltage rating of 35 kV. (a) Estimate how much energy could be stored in this capacitor. (b) If 12% of this
The electric field between two parallel plates connected to a 45-V battery is 1900 V/m. How far apart are the plates?
A +38 μC point charge is placed 36 cm from an identical + 38 μC charge. A -1.5 μC charge is moved from point A to point B as shown in Fig. 17-47. What is the change in potential energy?
Paper has a dielectric constant K = 3.7 and a dielectric strength of 15 Ã 106 V/m. Suppose that a typical sheet of paper has a thickness of 0.11 mm. You make a "homemade" capacitor by
A capacitor is made from two 1.1-cm-diameter coins separated by a 0.10-mm-thick piece of paper (K = 3.7). A 12-V battery is connected to the capacitor. How much charge is on each coin?
A + 3.5 μC charge is 23 cm to the right of a -7.2 μC charge. At the midpoint between the two charges, (a) Determine the potential (b) The electric field.
A parallel-plate capacitor with plate area 3.0 cm2 and air-gap separation 0.50 mm is connected to a 12-V battery, and fully charged. The battery is then disconnected.(a) What is the charge on the
Two point charges are fixed 4.0 cm apart from each other. Their charges are Q1 = Q2 = 6.5 μC and their masses are m1 = 1.5 mg and m2 = 2.5 mg.(a) If Q1 is released from rest, what will be its speed
Two charges are placed as shown in Fig. 17-49 with q1 = 1.2 μC and q2 = - 3.3 μC. Find the potential difference between points A and B.
If the electrons in a single raindrop, 3.5 mm in diameter, could be removed from the Earth (without removing the atomic nuclei), by how much would the potential of the Earth increase?
What potential difference is needed to give a helium nucleus (Q = 2e) 85.0 keV of kinetic energy?
Thunderclouds may develop a voltage difference of about 5 × 107 V. Given that an electric field of 3 × 106 V/m is required to produce an electrical spark within a volume of air, estimate the length
Compact "ultracapacitors" with capacitance values up to several thousand farads are now commercially available. One application for ultracapacitors is in providing power for electrical circuits when
An electron is accelerated horizontally from rest by a potential difference of 2200 V. It then passes between two horizontal plates 6.5 cm long and 1.3 cm apart that have a potential difference of
In the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) of a computer, each memory cell contains a capacitor for charge storage. Each of these cells represents a single binary-bit value of "1" when its 35-fF
In the DRAM computer chip of Problem 94, suppose the two parallel plates of one cell's 35-fF capacitor are separated by a 2.0-nm-thick insulating material with dielectric constant K = 25.(a)
A parallel-plate capacitor with plate area A = 2.0m2 and plate separation d = 3.0mm is connected to a 35-V battery (Fig. 17-51a).(a) Determine the charge on the capacitor, the electric field, the
The potential energy stored in a capacitor (Section 17-9) can be written as either CV2/2 or Q2/2C. In the first case the energy is proportional to C; in the second case the energy is proportional to
Suppose it takes 75 kW of power for your car to travel at a constant speed on the highway. (a) What is this in horsepower? (b) How much energy in joules would it take for your car to travel at
Capacitors can be used as "electric charge counters." Consider an initially uncharged capacitor of capacitance C with its bottom plate grounded and its top plate connected to a source of
Compare the drift velocities and electric currents in two wires that are geometrically identical and the density of atoms is similar, but the number of free electrons per atom in the material of one
A voltage V is connected across a wire of length and radius r. How is the electron drift speed affected if (a) ℓ is doubled, (b) r is doubled, (c) V is doubled, assuming in each case that other
1. When connected to a battery, a light-bulb glows brightly. If the battery is reversed and reconnected to the bulb, the bulb will glow (a) Brighter (b) Dimmer (c) With the same brightness. (d) Not
Nothing happens when birds land on a power line, yet we are warned not to touch a power line with a ladder. What is the difference? (a) Birds have extremely high internal resistance compared to
When a light switch is turned on, the light comes on immediately because (a) The electrons coming from the power source move through the initially empty wires very fast. (b) The electrons already in
1. Which of the following statements about Ohm's law is true? (a) Ohm's law relates the current through a wire to the voltage across the wire. (b) Ohm's law holds for all materials. (c) Any material
Electrons carry energy from a battery to a light-bulb. What happens to the electrons when they reach the light-bulb? (a) The electrons are used up. (b) The electrons stay in the light-bulb. (c) The
Where in the circuit of Fig. 18-33 is the current the largest, (a), (b), (c), or (d)? Or (e) it is the same at all points?FIGURE 18-33:
1. When current flows through a resistor, (a) Some of the charge is used up by the resistor. (b) Some of the current is used up by the resistor. (c) Both (a) and (b) are true. (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Why might a circuit breaker open if you plug too many electrical devices into a single circuit? (a) The voltage becomes too high. (b) The current becomes too high. (c) The resistance becomes too
A dry quartz sand has a density of 1.68 Mg/m3. Determine its density when the degree of saturation is 75%. The density of solids for quartz is 2.65 Mg/m3.?
The dry density of a soil is 1.60 Mg/m3 and the solids have a density of 2.65 Mg/m3. Find the(a) Water content,(b) Void ratio, and(c) Total density when the soil is saturated.?
A natural deposit of soil is found to have a water content of 20% and to be 90% saturated. What is the void ratio of this soil?
A chunk of soil has a wet weight of 62 lb and a volume of 0.56 ft3. When dried in an oven, the soil weighs 50 lb. If the specific gravity of solids Gs = 2.64, determine the water content, wet unit
In the lab, a container of saturated soil had a mass of 113.27 g before it was placed in the oven and 100.06 g after the soil had dried. The container alone had a mass of 49.31 g. The specific
The natural water content of a sample taken from a soil deposit was found to be 12.0%. It has been calculated that the maximum density for the soil will be obtained when the water content reaches
A cubic meter of dry quartz sand (Gs = 2.65) with a porosity of 60% is immersed in an oil bath having a density of 0.92 g/cm3. If the sand contains 0.27 m3 of entrapped air, how much force is
A soil sample taken from a borrow pit has a natural void ratio of 1.15. The soil will be used for a highway project where a total of 100,000 m3 of soil is needed in its compacted state; its compacted
A sample of moist soil was found to have the following characteristics:Total volume: 0.01456 m3Total mass: 25.74 kgMass after oven drying: 22.10 kgSpecific gravity of solids: 2.69Find the density,
A gray silty clay (CL) is sampled from a depth of 12.5 feet. The "moist" soil was extruded from a 6-inch-high brass liner with an inside diameter of 2.83 inches and weighed 777 grams.(a) Calculate
A cylindrical soil specimen is tested in the laboratory. The following properties were obtained: Sample diameter...............................3 inches Sample length.................................
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