In 1816 Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman, patented the Stirling engine, which has found a wide variety of applications ever since. Fuel is burned externally to warm one of the engines two...
The weight of a rectangular block of low-density material is 15.0 N. With a thin string, the center of the horizontal bottom face of the block is tied to the bottom of a beaker partly filled with...
A blockspring system oscillates with an amplitude of 3.50 cm. If the spring constant is 250 N/m and the mass of the block is 0.500 kg, determine (a) The mechanical energy of the system, (b) The...
A piece of wood is 0.600 m long, 0.250 m wide and 0.080 m thick. Its density is 600 kg/m3. What volume of lead must be fastened underneath it to sink the wood in calm water so that its top is just...
A 1.5D-m string of weight 1.25 N is tied to the ceiling at its upper end, and the lower end supports a weight W. When you pluck the string slightly, the waves traveling up the string obey the...
Capacitance of a Thundercloud The charge center of a thundercloud, drifting 3.0 km above the earth's surface, contains 20 C of negative charge. Assuming the charge center has a radius of 1.0 km, and...
The two strands of the helix-shaped DNA molecule are held together by electrostatic forces as shown in Fig. 16-44. Assume that the net average charge (due to electron sharing) indicated on H and N...
In earlier days, horses pulled barges down canals in the manner shown in Figure. Suppose the horse pulls on the rope with a force of 7900 N at an angle of = 18o to the direction of motion of the...
In Figure, a small block is sent through point A with a speed of 7.0 m/s. Its path is without friction until it reaches the section of length L = 12 m, where the coefficient of kinetic friction is...
In the ammonia (NH3) molecule of Figure, three hydrogen (H) atoms form an equilateral triangle, with the center of the triangle at distance d = 9.40 x 10-11 m from each hydrogen atom. The nitrogen...
A long solenoid, with its axis along the x axis, consists of 200 turns per meter of wire that carries a steady current of 15.0 A. A coil is formed by wrapping 30 turns of thin wire around a circular...
For the three hydrogen transitions indicated below, with n being the initial state and n being the final state, is the transition an absorption or an emission? Which is higher, the initial state...
Soft phonon mode consider a line of ions of equal mass but alternating in charge, with e p = e(?1) p as the charge on the pth ion the inter atomic potential is the sum of two contributions (1) a...
A current of 17.0 mA is maintained in a single circular loop of 2.00 m circumference. A magnetic field of 0.800 T is directed parallel to the plane of the loop. (a) Calculate the magnetic moment of...
A dog running in an open field has components of velocity v, = 2.6 m/s and Vy = -1.8 m/s at t, = 10.0 s. For the time interval from f, = 10.0 s to 12 = 20.0 s, the average acceleration of the dog has...
A hunter on a frozen, essentially frictionless pond uses a rifle that shoots 4.20-g bullets at 965 m/s. The mass of the hunter (including his gun) is 72.5 kg, and the hunter holds tight to the gun...
The systems shown in Figure P5.21 are in equilibrium. If the spring scales are calibrated in newtons, what do they read? (Neglect the masses of the pulleys and strings, and assume the incline in part...
A ball is thrown straight up from the ground with speed v0 At the same instant, a second ball is dropped from rest from a height H, directly above the point where the first ball was thrown upward....
Two protons are aimed directly toward each other by a cyclotron accelerator with speeds of 1000 km/s, measured relative to the earth. Find the maximum electrical force that these protons will exert...
An elevator cab that weighs 27.8kN moves upward. What is the tension in the cable if the cab's speed is? (a) Increasing at a rate of 1 .22 m/s2 and (b) Decreasing at a rate of 1 .22 m/s2?
A disk, with a radius of 0.25 m, is to be rotated like a merry-go-round through 800 rad, starting from rest, gaining angular speed at the constant rate 1 through the first 400 rad and then losing...
A Machinist is using a wrench to loosen a nut. The wrench is 25.0 cm long, and be exerts a 17.O-N force at the end of the handle at 37° with the handle (Fig. 10.41). (a) What torque does the...
Figure 34.57 shows an object and its image formed by a thin lens.(a) What is the focal length of the lens, and what type of lens (converging or diverging) is it?(b) What is the height of the image?...
A certain crude oil has an index of refraction of 1.25. A ship dumps 1.00 m3 of this oil into the ocean, and the oil spreads into a thin uniform slick. If the film produces a first-order maximum of...
A disoriented physics professor drives 3.25 km north, then 4.75 km west, and then 1.50 km south. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant displacement, using the method of components in a...
A .22 rifle bullet, traveling at 350 m/s, strikes a large tree, which it penetrates to a depth of 0.130 m. The mass of the bullet is 1.80 g. Assume a constant retarding force. (a) How much time is...
n idealized voltmeter is connected across the terminals of a 15.0-V battery, and a 75.0- appliance is also connected across its terminals. If the voltmeter reads 11.3 V: (a) How much power is being...
Consider a projectile fired vertically in a constant gravitational field. For the same initial velocities, compare the times required for the projectile to reach its maximum height (a) For zero...
A 140 kg hoop rolls along a horizontal floor so that the hoop's center of mass has a speed of 0.150 m/s. How much work must be done on the hoop to stop it?
A potassium chloride crystal has an energy band gap of 7.6 eV above the topmost occupied band, which is full. Is this crystal opaque or transparent to light of wavelength 140 nm?
A box of bananas weighing 40.0 N rests on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the box and the surface is 0.40, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. (a) If no...
A uniform 3.00-kg rope 24.0 m long lies on the ground at the top of a vertical cliff. A mountain climber at the top lets down half of it to help his partier climb up the cliff. What was the change in...
A large 16.0-kg roll of paper with radius R = IS.O cm rests against the wall and is held in place by a bracket attached to a rod through the center of the 311 roll (Fig. 10.54). The rod turns without...
A small sphere with mass m is attached to a mass less rod of length L that is pivoted at the top, forming a simple pendulum. The pendulum is pulled to one side that the rod is at an angle e from the...
A conservative force F(x) acts on a 2.0 kg particle that moves along an x axis. The potential energy U(x) associated with F(x) is graphed in Figure. When the particle is at x = 2.0m, its velocity is...
A railroad freight car of mass 3.18 x 104 kg collides with a stationary caboose car. They couple together, and 27.0% of the initial kinetic energy is transferred to thermal energy, sound, vibrations,...
In Figure a light wave along ray r1 reflects once from a mirror and a light wave along ray r2 reflects twice from that same mirror and once from a tiny mirror at distance L from the bigger mirror....
A transverse sinusoidal wave on a string has a period T = 25.0 ms and travels in the negative x direction with a speed of 30.0 m/s. At t = 0, a particle on the string at x = 0 has a transverse...
White light is spread out into its spectral components by a diffraction grating. If the grating has 2 000 grooves per centimeter, at what angle does red light of wavelength 640 nm appear in first...
A variable air capacitor used in a radio tuning circuit is made of N semicircular plates each of radius R and positioned a distance d from its neighbors, to which it is electrically connected. As...
A charge of -6.50 nC is spread uniformly over the surface of one face of a nonconducting disk of radius 1.25 cm. (a) Find the magnitude and direction of the electric field this disk produces at a...
A particle moves along the x axis. Its position is given by the equation x = 2 x 3t - 4t2 with x in meters and t in seconds. Determine (a) Its position when it changes direction and (b) Its velocity...
The biggest stuffed animal in the world is a snake 420 m long, constructed by Norwegian children. Suppose the snake is laid out in a park as shown in Figure P3.54, forming two straight sides of a...
A 5.00-kg block is set into motion up an inclined plane with an initial speed of 8.00 m/s (Fig. P8.33). The block comes to rest after traveling 3.00m along the plane, which is inclined at an angle of...
Flying Leap of the Flea High-peed motion pictures (3500 frames/second) of a jumping, 21O-l-'g Ilea yielded the data used to plot the graph given in Fig. 2.42. (See "The Flying Leap of the Flea" by M....
124/55Cs has a half-life of 30.8s. (a) If we have 8.8g initially, how many Cs nuclei are present? (b) How many are present 2.0min later? (c) What is the activity at this time? (d) After how much time...
A football kicker can give the ball an initial speed of 25m/s. What are the (a) Least and (b) Greatest elevation angles at which he can kick the ball to score a field goal from a point 50 m in front...
A wire having a uniform linear charge density A is bent into the shape shown in Figure P25.47. Find the electric potential at point O. 2R 2R
An approximation for the potential energy of a KCl molecules U = A[(RJ/8r8 ) - l/r], where Ro = 2.67 X l0-l0 m and A = 2.31 X 10-28 J. m. Using this approximation: (a) Show that the radial component...
A uniform thin rod of length 0.500 m and mass 4.00 kg can rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis through its center. The rod is at rest when a 3.00 g bullet traveling in the rotation...
A torque T0 is transmitted between two flanged shafts by means of ten 20-mm bolts (see figure and photo). The diameter of the bolt circle is d = 250 mm. If the allowable shear stress in the bolts is...
A claw hammer is used to pull a nail out of a board (Fig. 11.38). The nail is at an angle of 60° to the board, and a force F, of magnitude 500 N applied to the nail is required to pull it from...
A ring-shaped conductor with radius a = 2.50 cm has a total positive charge Q = + 0.125 nC uniformly distributed around it, as shown in Fig. 21.24. The center of the ring is at the origin of...
In 1 km races, runner 1 on track 1 (with time 2 min, 27 .95 s) appears to be faster than runner 2 on track 2 (2 min, 28.15 s). However, length L 2 of track 2 might be slightly greater than length L 1...
Body A in Figure weighs 102 N, and body B weighs 32 N. The coefficients of friction between A and the incline are ? s = 0.56 and ? k = 0.25. Angle is 40 o . Let the positive direction of an x axis...
A 1.50-kg object is held 1.20 m above a relaxed mass less vertical spring with a force constant of 320 N/m. The object is dropped onto the spring. (a) How far does it compress the spring? (b) What...
Show that Equation 15.32 is a solution of Equation 15.31 provided that b2 < 4mk.
The upward normal force exerted by the floor is 620 N on an elevator passenger who weighs 650 N. What are the reaction forces to these two forces? Is the passenger accelerating? If so, what are the...
A capacitor is charged to a potential of 12.0 V and is then connected to a voltmeter having an internal resistance of 3.40 M. After a time of 4.00 s the voltmeter reads 3.0 V. What are? (a) The...
The reflecting surfaces of two intersecting flat mirrors are at an angle θ (0° For a light ray that strikes the horizontal mirror, show that the emerging ray will intersect the incident ray...
A Geiger tube is a radiation detector that essentially consists of a closed, hollow metal cylinder (the cathode) of inner radius ra and a coaxial cylindrical wire (the anode) of radius rb (Fig....
You are a member of an Alpine Rescue Team. You must project a box of supplies up an incline of constant slope angle a so that it reaches a stranded skier who is a vertical distance h above the bottom...
Falling Hammer A hatumer with mass m is dropped from rest from a height h above the earth's surface. This height is not necessarily small compared with the radius RE of the earth. If you ignore air...
The L-shaped tank shown in Figure is filled with water and is open at the top. If d = 5.0 m, what is the force due to the water (a) On face A and (b) On faceB? 2d 3d B. 2d
A helicopter rotor blade can be considered a long thin rod, as shown in Fig. 8-46. (a) If each of the three rotor helicopter blades is 3.75m long and has a mass of 160kg. Calculate the moment of...
Two moles of an ideal gas are heated at constant pressure from T = 27C to T = 107C. (a) Draw a pV-diagram for this process. (b) Calculate the work done by the gas.
City A lies directly west of city B When there is no wind an airliner makes the 5550-kInround-trlp flight between them in 6.60h of flying time while traveling at the same speed in both directions....
A particle with charge - 5.60 nC is moving in a uniform magnetic field B = -J 1.25 T) k. The magnetic force on the particle is measured to be F = - (3.40 X l0-7 N) i+ (7.40 X l0-7 N) j. (a) Calculate...
A car maintains a constant speed v as it traverses the hill and valley shown if Fig. 5-45. Both the hill and valley have radius of curvature R. (a) How do the normal forces acting on the car at A, B...
Expensive amplifier A is rated at 250 W, while the more modest amplifier B is rated at 40W. (a) Estimate the sound level in decibels you would expect at a point 3.5m from a loudspeaker connected in...
(a) Derive an equation for the radial acceleration that includes v and Cd, but not r. (b) You are designing a merry-go-round for which a point on the rim will have a radial acceleration of 0.500 m/s2...
Figure shows an overhead view of a ring that can rotate about its center like a merry-go-round. Its outer radius R2 is 0.800 m, its inner radius R1 is R2/2.00, its mass M is 8.00 kg, and the mass of...
(Multiple choice) (1) True or False (a) The virtual image formed by a concave mirror is always smaller than the object. (b) A concave mirror always forms a virtual image. (c) A convex mirror never...
Determine the precision of each measurement. 1. 536 ft 2. 307.3 mi 3. 5007 m 4. 5.00 cm 5. 0.0070 in. 6. 6.010 cm 7. 8400 km 8. 3000 ft 9. 187.40 m 10. 500 g
Suppose an electron was bound to a proton, as in the hydrogen atom, but by the gravitational force rather than by the electric force, what would be the radius and energy of the first Bohr orbit?
What are the shortest-wavelength X-rays emitted by electrons striking the face of a 33.5-kV TV picture tube? What are the longest wavelengths?
A cart with mass 340 g moving on a frictionless linear air track at an initial speed of l- .2m/s undergoes an elastic collision with an initially stationary cart of unknown mass. After the collision,...
In Fig. 2-28, a red car and a green car, identical except for the color, move toward each other in adjacent lanes and parallel to an x axis. At time t = 0, the red car is at xr = 0 and the green car...
A sign (mass 2100kg) hangs from the end of a vertical steel girder with a cross-sectional area of 0.15m2. (a) What is the stress within the girder? (b) What is the strain on the girder? (c) If the...
In Figure, an 817 kg construction bucket is suspended by a cable A that is attached at O to two other cables B and C, making angles 1 = 51.0? and 2 = 66.0? with the horizontal. Find the tensions in...
A tall, cylindrical chimney falls over when its base is ruptured. Treat the chimney as a thin rod of length 55.0 m. At the instant it makes an angle of 35.0
A rectangular loop of area A is placed in a region where the magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The magnitude of the field is allowed to vary in time according to B =...
Ultrasound, which consists of sound waves with frequencies above the human audible range, can be used to produce an image of the interior of a human body. Moreover, ultrasound can be used to measure...
Two racquetballs are placed in a glass jar, as shown in Figure P12.62. Their centers and the point A lie on a straight line. (a) Assume that the walls are frictionless, and determine P1, P2, and P3....
A large block P executes horizontal simple harmonic motion as it slides across a frictionless surface with a frequency f = 1.50 Hz. Block B rests on it, as shown in Figure P15.53, and the coefficient...
A thin, flat, uniform disk has mass M and radius R_ A circular hole of radius R/4, centered at a point R/2 from the disk's center, is then punched in the disk. (a) Find the moment of inertia of the...
A vacuum tube diode (see Exercise 23.27) consists of concentric cylindrical electrodes, the negative cathode and the positive anode. Because of the accumulation of charge near the cathode, the...
Zoom Lens Consider the simple model of the zoom lens shown in Fig. 34.43a The converging lens has focal length f1, = 12cm, and the diverging lens has focal length f1 = - 12cm. The lenses are...
Classical Electron Spin (a) If you treat an electron as a classical spherical object with a radius of 1.0 x 10-17m, what angular speed is necessary to produce a spin angular momentum of magnitude h?...
To an order of magnitude, how many piano tuners are in New York City? The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for asking questions like this on oral Ph.D. qualifying examinations. His own facility in...
At the equator, near the surface of the Earth, the magnetic field is approximately 50.0 +T northward, and the electric field is about 100 N/C downward in fair weather. Find the gravitational,...
Halleys Comet orbits the Sun roughly once every 76 years. It comes very close to the surface of the Sun on its closest approach (Fig. 5-39). Estimate the greatest distance of the comet from the Sun....
Figure shows a particle A that can be moved along a y axis from an infinite distance to the origin. That origin lies at the midpoint between particles B and C, which have identical masses, and the y...
Two identical hard spheres, each of mass m and radius r, are released from rest in otherwise empty space with their centers separated by the distance R. They are allowed to collide under the...
A tennis player receives a shot with the ball (0.060 0 kg) traveling horizontally at 50.0 m/s and returns the shot with the ball traveling horizontally at 40.0 m/s in the opposite direction. (a) What...
Brake or turn? Figure 6-45 depicts an overhead view of a car's path as the car travels toward a wall. Assume that the driver begins to brake the car when the distance to the wall is d = 107 m, and...
An airplane is flying with a velocity of 240 m/s at an angle of 30.0° with the horizontal, as the drawing shows. When the altitude of the plane is 2.4 km, a flare is released from the plane. The...
A light bar AB supports a 15-kg block at its midpoint C. Rollers at A and B rest against frictionless surfaces, and a horizontal cable AD is attached at A. Determine (a) The tension in cable AD, (b)...
In an engine, a piston oscillates with simple harmonic motion so that its position varies according to the expression x = (5.00 cm) cos (2t + /6) where x is in centimeters and t is in seconds. At t =...
A toroidal solenoid (see Example 28.10) has inner radius r1 = 15.0 cm and outer radius r2 = 18.0 cm. The solenoid has 250 turns and carries a current of 8.50 A. What is the magnitude of the magnetic...