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management and organisational behaviour

Questions and Answers of Management And Organisational Behaviour

There are so many forms of non-verbal communication cues, either intentional or unintentional, that can be interpreted in different ways. There are also wide cultural variations in the context and
Justify what you see as the practical benefits of(i). Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP)(ii). Transactional analysis (TA) as approaches to interpersonal communications.
Although much is written about the value of neuro-linguistic programming (nLP) it is really no more than an assembly of different ideas. It is a difficult concept to grasp and too abstract and
Explain the principles of attribution theory and its importance to, and implications for, management. Apply the principles to your own working life.
Bias and prejudice are inherent features of interpersonal perception and communication. Although exhortations can be made for us to become more aware of our own biases and to take more time in making
Give your own examples of what you believe are the main causes and implications of perceptual distortions and errors.
It is not unreasonable to argue that there is no such thing as reality–only the individual’s perception or interpretation of reality. Yet, managers require an understanding of perception in order
Explain fully, with supporting examples, the importance of understanding cultural differences as an integral part of the perceptual process.
Some writers argue that people do not lack inherent motivation, only the right triggers to evoke their efforts. Some claim that motivation can only come from within and attempts from other people to
Explain fully what you understand by the underlying concept of motivation.
It is all very well talking about a contented workforce, praise and recognition, but at times of recession, rapid change or uncertainty, a secure job and high income are the true motivators. in the
How would you attempt to summarise the main needs and expectations to be taken into account in considering the motivation of people at work?
Given the large number of identified critical employee needs and expectations at work, the threefold classification of economic rewards, intrinsic satisfaction and social relationships is far too
Assess critically the practical value of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model. Give examples of the extent to which the theory could meaningfully be applied to university students and/or staff in your
Adair points out that presenting maslow’s hierarchy as a pyramid model gives the impression that the greatest needs are in the lower levels. adair suggests that the pyramid should be inverted as
Explain your understanding of expectancy-based theories of motivation. Use a simple diagram to illustrate an expectancy theory of your choice. What implications do expectancy theories of motivation
The difficulty with the theory of achievement motivation is that far too few organisations provide the culture or opportunities for individuals to satisfy the characteristics of high achievement
Give detailed practical examples of situations in which each of the following theories of motivation might be appropriate: (i). Achievement motivation;(ii). Equity theory; (iii). Goal theory.
Expectancy theories of motivation may make for interesting discussion in the classroom but are unlikely to have much appeal to the practical manager in modern work organisations. What do you
The underlying essence of motivating employees to improved performance is easy. an emphasis on clear, stretching but attainable targets; constructive feedback; and an equitable system of extrinsic
What do you understand by frustration-induced behaviour? Give a practical example, preferably from your experience, of each of the main forms of this behaviour.
The motivation of so-called knowledge workers is no different from motivating any other worker – that is, recognition of their individual value to achieving the objectives of the organisation.What
Debate critically the validity of the contention that the motivation to work well depends on more than a high salary and good working conditions.
Motivation at work is very subjective and affected by many variables including personality, cultural influences, unknown circumstances and relationships outside of work. Generalised theories cannot
What exactly do you understand by job satisfaction and what are the main dimensions? Relate specific examples of situations that have influenced your own job satisfaction.
Individuals have a variety of changing, and often conflicting, needs and expectations, which they attempt to satisfy in a number of ways at different times. What are the most powerful influences on
Evaluate critically how you see the relationship between motivation, job satisfaction and effective work performance. Give reasons in support of your views.
Self-interest and opportunism are natural features of human behaviour and will always take preference over the demands and best interests of the group or teamwork. To what extent can you present a
How would you distinguish between a ‘group’ and a ‘team’? to what extent do you believe the distinction has practical significance for managers?
It is almost impossible to distinguish clearly or in any meaningful way between work groups and teams. attempting to do so is a vain, and pointless, quest. it is a waste of study time. What is your
Distinguish between formal and informal groups. explain the importance and influence of group values and norms and give practical examples from within your own university and/or organisation.
Given the importance of social interactions and interpersonal relationships for morale, job satisfaction and work performance, the main focus of your studies should be on the operations and
Explain fully the extent to which you prefer working on your own or as part of a group. What benefits would you expect both to give up and to receive from group membership?
Modern systems of communication, such as email and the increasing use of social media, restrict personal interaction and have only a negative effect on group development, cohesiveness and
Identify different stages in group development and maturity. What other factors influence the cohesiveness of work groups? give examples by reference to a work group to which you belong.
To gain a greater appreciation of effective teamwork, attention should be given in the classroom to the management and functioning of successful musical ensembles and successful sports teams. To
Set out in detail the advantages and potential difficulties of virtual teams. explain how you believe virtual teamworking is likely to develop in the future.
What is meant by the role structure of an organisation? Construct a diagram that shows your own role set within your university or any work situation. give examples of informal role expectations to
Despite apparent advantages of group working, the reality is that most people prefer the freedom of working on their own. individuals have varying and often conflicting expectations of the benefits
Discuss critically what you believe could be learnt in the classroom from a study of successful music ensembles and sporting teams.
Explain fully your understanding of (a). Groupthink; (b). The risky-shift phenomenon;(c). Brainstorming. Assess critically the likely standard of individual performance compared with group or team
Discuss potential benefits and limitations of team-building exercises including ‘away days’. Where possible relate to your own experiences.
Detail fully what you believe are the essential characteristics of a successful work group or team. As a manager, explain how you would attempt to develop effective group/team relationships and
The traditional analysis of an organisation is usually based upon the structure and efficiency of individual departments. however, this leads to blinkered sectional interests rather than to the
Distinguish between the formal and the informal organisation and explain their main characteristics. What functions are served by the informal organisation?
The purpose of theory is often misunderstood. Theory helps in building a framework of study and generalised models applicable to a range of different organisations or situations. What is YOUR view?
Discuss with supporting examples the nature and significance of (i) social exchange theory and (ii) the psychological contract.
How would you define an organisation and why do work organisations exist?
Recognition of the importance of the organisational environment and underlying realities of the work situation is an essential part of the study of management and organisational behaviour. To what
Assess critically the practical value to both the student and the manager of adopting an open-systems view of organisational analysis.
Although a commonly used term, organisational behaviour is a misnomer. rarely do all members act collectively in such a way as to represent the behaviour of the organisation as a whole. in practice,
Give your own explanation of the meaning, significance and scope of organisational behaviour.
The best way to appreciate the nature and applied skills of organisational behaviour is when study of the subject area is related to an understanding of the importance of management to effective work
Explain reasons for a multidisciplinary approach and suggest main headings under which factors influencing behaviour in work organisations can best be identified.
To what extent do you believe people are identified and perceived according to the nature of the work they undertake? Where possible give actual examples in support of your answer.
An individual’s orientation to work and underlying work ethic is the strongest influence on his or her motivation and organisational performance. The actions of management have only minimal effect.
Differences in status and power mean that the psychological contract is always balanced in favour of the organisation. Managers will expect individuals to display loyalty and commitment, and put in
For many people, California-based Google is the most prominent example of a twenty-fi rst-century company. Founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergei Brin, it grew very rapidly to become the world’s
Explain the extent to which you can identify with examples of organisational practices relating to (i) the Peter Principle and (ii) Parkinson’s Law.
Performance of people at work is determined predominantly by the idiosyncratic behaviour of individuals and a complex combination of social factors and unofficial working methods. in reality,
Discuss critically the role of management as an integrating activity. Give your views on the nature and importance of managerial work today.
Give your own views on the changing nature of the work organisation and specific changes that you foresee in the next ten years. How do you feel about the possible changes?
Despite obvious advantages from an appreciation of culture differences and its effects, it is not easy for everyone to feel comfortable working in a multicultural environment. To what extent are YOU
Why is it increasingly important for managers to adopt an international approach? What do you see as the future impact of globalisation?
A noticeable feature of organisational behaviour is the invariable difficulty in identifying a single solution to a particular situation. The absence of one right answer not only makes study of the
Debate fully the importance and potential difficulties of national culture to the study of management and organisational behaviour. Where possible, give your own examples.
Discuss critically what you believe are the main factors to bear in mind with, and particular difficulties presented by, the study of organisational behaviour.
Criticism of the study of theory or history of management is misjudged. More attention to the ideas of leading writers, and to evolutions in management and organisational behaviour, would help
Detail fully how you would attempt to identify and analyse developments in management and organisational behaviour.
It is often claimed that what leading writers say is an important part of the study of management and organisational behaviour. others say these different ideas are too abstract, are little more than
Assess critically the relevance of scientific management to present-day organisations. To what extent does your university exhibit features of scientific management?
Whatever the nature of modern organisations, attention must still be given to essential principles of effective structure and management. Any criticism should be directed not at the need for such
Argue a positive case for bureaucratic structures. Select a large-scale organisation of your choice and suggest ways in which it displays characteristics of a bureaucracy.
Despite strong criticisms of scientific management, in the right circumstances the underlying concepts still have relevance and much to offer work organisations today. it is just that many
What are the main conclusions that can be drawn from the Hawthorne studies? Discuss critically the relevance of these studies for management and organisational behaviour today.
It is difficult to envisage how large-scale organisations, especially within the public sector, could function effectively without exhibiting at least some of the features of a bureaucracy. demands
Evaluate the application of the systems approach to the analysis of work organisations. Suggest an example of a work situation in which the systems approach might be appropriate.
The human relations approach makes all the right noises, with an emphasis on humane behaviour, considerate management and recognition of the informal organisation. however, it is more about what
Contrast approaches to improving organisational performance based on attention to technical and structural requirements with those based on concern for psychological and social factors.
The underlying principles and ideas of the socio-technical systems and technological determinism approaches are of particular relevance and assistance to the practical manager. To what extent do you
Explain what is meant by a social action approach. Assess critically the practical relevance of ‘action theory’.
The historical study of different approaches to organisations and the development of management theory have little practical relevance. it is no more than a luxury for students and the time could be
Discuss critically the practical value and relevance of the postmodernist view of organisations.
Present a detailed argument for the potential benefits to managers from a study of management theory.
Outline briefly what you believe are the major trends in organisation and management since the beginning of this century. Which one writer do you most associate with, and why?
Discuss critically the extent to which differences among various organisations limit the value of the study of management and organisational behaviour.
Generalised models of organisation serve no useful purpose. all organisations have their unique culture and working environment and no two organisations are the same. The skill of the manager is to
What are the common features in any organisation? Give your view on how successfully these features interrelate to infl uence the effectiveness of your own university.
The ability to respond effectively to external environmental factors is clearly the single most important managerial skill influencing the successful performance and long-term survival of any
Study of the planning and structure of the formal organisation is largely a waste of time. in reality it is the nature and working of the informal organisation that ultimately determines the
To what extent do you accept the view that conflict is an inevitable feature of management and organisational behaviour?
There are many positive outcomes from conflict that demonstrate commitment and enthusiasm about work activities. Properly managed, conflict can be an energising and vitalising force within groups and

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