(a) Describe the processes that transfer carbon from the atmosphere to the land, and from the land to the atmosphere. What are the chemical reactions that describe these processes?

(b) How do these processes interact to produce the “sawtooth” annual cycle in the atmospheric abundance of CO₂ shown in Figure 5.1a?

Figure 5.1a

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(a) CO₂ (ppm) 420 400 380- 360 340 320 www. wwwwwwwwww 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 m 2020