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business
behavior in organizations

Questions and Answers of Behavior In Organizations

Think of a group in which you have been working.How do the five-stage model and the punctuatedequilibrium model apply to this experience?
Describe an incident of social loafing in which you may have been involved (e.g., a class project). What might be done to overcome this effect?
How have your own experiences in work teams compared to those described in this chapter? Based on what you read, what could be done to make your own team experiences more successful?
Based on the evidence regarding the effectiveness of teams, would you say that the popularity of teams today is well-founded?
Let’s face it, some people find it easier to work in teams than others. Are you already a “team player,” or have you not yet developed the skills needed to work effectively with others in
The social loafing effect is quite strong and is likely to occur in many different situations in which people make individual contributions to an additive group task. This exercise is designed to
Officials of a large manufacturing company are concerned about the stagnant productivity they’ve seen in the past year. Although sales have been good, employees in the company’s manufacturing
ach July, bicyclists race across the French countryside in the Tour de France. The race, first run in 1903, now consists of about 180 of the world’s best cyclists, who meander through tiny
Describe the process of communication and its purposes in organizations.
Identify various forms of verbal media used in organizations and explain which ones are most appropriate for communicating messages of different types.
Describe how technology has influenced organizational communication.
Describe how people’s communication patterns differ based on their sex and culture.
Distinguish between the various forms of formal and informal communication that occur in organizations and how they operate.
Explain how you can improve your effectiveness as a communicator in organizations.
As noted on pages 355–356, one key to being effective as a communicator is to be supportive of people. Supportive communication involves being accurate and honest with people in a manner that
Are you a good listener, a really good listener—one who understands exactly what someone else is saying to you? Most of us tend to think that we are much better than we really are when it comes to
The employees in a company’s phone center are not paying any attention to new procedures for taking orders from clients. They are following the old procedures, which they prefer, and avoiding the
Think of an instance in which you had to transmit bad news to another person (e.g., firing, unwanted transfer). Were you reluctant to share this information (as per the MUM effect)? How did you
Think of an instance in which you used a particular communication medium (e.g., e-mail) in a manner that proved to be ineffective. What occurred? In retrospect, what could you have done to avoid the
Do you regard yourself to be a good listener? What might you do to improve your skills as a listener?
Identify the steps in the analytical model of decision making and distinguish between the various types of decisions that people make.
Describe different individual decision styles and the various organizational factors that influence the decision-making process.
Distinguish among three approaches to how decisions are made: the rational-economic model, the administrative model, and image theory.
Identify the various factors that lead people to make imperfect decisions.
Compare the conditions under which groups make superior decisions than individuals and when individuals make superior decisions than groups.
Describe various techniques that can be used to enhance the quality of individual decisions and group decisions.
Identify ways in which various decisions you have made were biased by framing, heuristics, the use of implicit favorites, and the escalation of commitment.
Think of various decision-making groups in which you may have participated over the years. Do you think that groupthink was involved in these situations?What signs were evident?
As you read about the various personal decision styles, did you put yourself into any one of the categories? To get a feel for what the decision style inventory reveals about your personal decision
A great deal can be learned about nominal groups by running one—or, at least, participating in one—yourself. Doing so will not only help illustrate the procedure, but demonstrate how effectively
A large product-distribution company is having a problem during its group meetings: One department manager is constantly disrupting the meetings while trying to get his ideas across. He has so
What do Yao Ming, LeBron James, and Earl R. Dean have in common? The first two are professional basketball stars, of course, but who’s Earl R. Dean? He happens to be the person who designed
Describe three types of psychological contracts and the two basic kinds of trust that play a role in work relationships.
Describe organizational citizenship behavior and ways in which it may be encouraged.
Identify ways in which cooperation can be promoted in the workplace.
Describe the causes and effects of conflict in organizations along with techniques thatcan be used to manage conflict in organizations.
Explain why deviant organizational behavior can produce positive as well as negative effects.
Describe the major forms of workplace deviance.
Think of individuals whom you trust and those you don’t trust. In what key ways do your relationships with these people differ?
What are the major sources of conflict at work within the company at which you are employed? How do you think these conflicts may be resolved?
Have you ever been the target of some form of workplace aggression? Why do you think this happened?What did you do to deal with it?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People are inherently good, but are forced into behaving in negative ways by virtue of compelling forces they encounter within their
What would you say are the major barriers to interpersonal cooperation within the workplace?
What do you think you would do if faced with a situation in which obeying the norms of your organization would lead you to perform actions you considered illegal or unethical? Would you resist? What
On page 418, you read descriptions of four different personal orientations toward others—competitors, individualists, cooperators, and equalizers. As you read these, you probably developed some
This exercise is designed to help you put into practice some of the skills associated with being a good negotiator. In completing this exercise, follow the steps for negotiating a win-win solution
You work for a moderate-size office-supply company.Most of the people in your work group are pleasant and easy to get along with. But your boss—that is something else entirely. She always seems to
“We are extremely proud to report our 2009 earnings, which represents our 37th consecutive year of profitability.”That’s a statement that almost no airline executives were making as 2009
Effective communication in business is essential to success.Top managers spend approximately 85 percent of their time communicating with others. However, at the advertising agency The Factory, Mike,
The concept of teamwork is essential to the success of Kluster. The company’s Illuminator project, a communitydriven product development platform, requires the involvement of many different people.
Effective communication is essential for organizations.Communicators face two main challenges. The first is to ensure that information is easy to comprehend. The second is to get a message noticed.
Describe the nature of influence in organizations and its major forms.
Distinguish between various forms of individual power in organizations.
Define empowerment and indicate how it operates among individuals and in teams.
Describe how the resource-dependency model and the strategic contingencies modelexplain the nature of power between organizational units.
Describe how sexual harassment constitutes an abuse of organizational power and ways of reducing its occurrence.
Explain when and where organizational politics occur and the forms such behavior takes.
What are the tactics of influence used most frequently in organizations?
What is empowerment? Can it work on the team as well as individual level?
What are some of the most important causes of organizational politics?
How do you attempt to influence the people with whom you work?
If you hold power in an organization, what is its basis? How do you prefer to exert power over others?
Have you ever felt empowered in an organization? If so, why? And what effects, if any, did such feelings of being empowered have on your performance?
Answer the following questions only if you don’t mind talking about this personal issue: Have you ever engaged in sexual harassment? What, precisely, did you do that was wrong and what might have
Answer the following questions only if you don’t mind talking about this personal issue: Have you ever been a victim of sexual harassment? How did it make you feel?
Have you ever engaged in organizational politics? If so, what tactics did you use?
Do you think that highly influential people gain power? In other words, are influence and power related?
Aside from rational persuasion, what techniques of influence do you believe are used most often in organizations? Why are these particular techniques used more frequently than others?
Do you think that sexual harassment ever can be eliminated entirely or that some degree of harassment is inevitable in the workplace?
One of the main ways of learning about social influence in organizations is to use questionnaires in which people are asked to describe the behaviors of their supervisors. If a consistent pattern
A good way to make sure you understand organizational politics is to practice enacting different political tactics, and to attempt to recognize these tactics portrayed by others. This exercise is
A rapidly growing high-tech company has recently experienced resignations by several of its best people. These individuals have left, expressing strong annoyance over the high level of politics
Two brothers who have both run major companies? That’s certainly a rarity in the modern world of business. But it is exactly the situation for the Smith brothers, John F. and Michael. John is vice
Describe some ways in which you may have been treated by your boss that helped you become an engaged employee, a not-engaged employee, or an actively disengaged employee. How did you respond as a
Although only some people in an organization need to know about marketing or accounting or production, almost everyone benefits by knowing about organizational behavior. Do you agree with this
Because we’ve all done some kind of work and know other people who also work, it’s not surprising that we assume various things about how people behave on the job. After all, it’s something we
What happens when people who might ordinarily come into contact with one another on their jobs no longer have that social contact? Several things may happen. For example, when employees do not see
You are the regional director of a large U.S.-based import export company that is expanding international operations.This requires three of your top managers to move to Rome, Italy, for no less than
In 2001, when the O’Brien brothers, Paul, Ron, and Bill, opened Floyd’s 99 Barbershop in Denver, their only experience in the hair care business was as customers. Lacking tonsorial training,
Think about a time in which you were a victim of organizational injustice. What specific types of justice were violated? How did you feel, and how did you react?What could have been done to avoid
What do you believe are the major ethical challenges faced by the employees of the company in which you work? What might be done to make people in your company behave more ethically?
How socially responsible is the company in which you work? What particular things does it do to enhance the community, the lives of its employees, and/or the environment? What else might it do to be
Identify four different forms of organizational justice and the organizational impact of each.
Describe strategies that can be used to promote organizational justice.
Explain what is meant by ethical behavior and describe its relation to the law.
Describe the individual and situational factors responsible for unethical behavior in organizations and methods for minimizing such behavior.
Explain ways of behaving ethically when conducting business internationally.
Explain what is meant by corporate social responsibility, describe the forms it takes, and characterize the relationship between responsible behavior and financial profitability.
Define the concepts of organization and organizational behavior.
Describe the field of organizational behavior’s commitment to the scientific method and the three levels of analysis it uses.
Trace the historical developments and schools of thought leading up to the field of organizational behavior today.
Identify the fundamental assumptions of the field of organizational behavior.
Describe how the field of organizational behavior today is being shaped by the global economy, increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the workforce, and advances in technology.
Explain how people’s changing expectations about the desire to be engaged in their work and the need for flexibility in work have influenced the field of organizational behavior.

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