An LC circuit has a 10 mH inductor. The current has its maximum value of 0.60 A at t = 0 s. A short time later the capacitor reaches its maximum potential difference of 60 V. What is the value of the...
A small, 2.0-mm-diameter circular loop with R = 0.020 is at the center of a large 100-mm-diameter circular loop. Both loops lie in the same plane. The current in the outer loop changes from +1.0 A...
FIGURE P30.59 shows a U-shaped conducting rail that is oriented vertically in a horizontal magnetic field. The rail has no electric resistance and does not move. A slide wire with mass m and...
FIGURE P33.56 shows the light intensity on a screen behind a circular aperture. The wavelength of the light is 500 nm and the screen is 1.0 m behind the slit. What is the diameter (in mm) of the...
FIGURE P33.49 shows the interference pattern on a screen 1.0 m behind an 800 line/mm diffraction grating. What is the wavelength (in nm) of the light? Intensity x (cm) 89.7 cm 89.7 cm FIGURE P33.49...
A Michelson interferometer uses red light with a wavelength of 656.45 nm from a hydrogen discharge lamp. How many brightdark-bright fringe shifts are observed if mirror M 2 is moved exactly 1 cm?
In a single-slit experiment, the slit width is 200 times the wavelength of the light. What is the width (in mm) of the central maximum on a screen 2.0 m behind the slit?
Light of wavelength 550 nm illuminates a double slit, and the interference pattern is observed on a screen. At the position of the m = 2 bright fringe, how much farther is it to the more distant slit...
The current lags the emf by 30 in a series RLC circuit with 0 = 10 V and R = 50 . What is the peak current through the circuit?
A high-pass filter consists of a 1.59 F capacitor in series with a 100 resistor. The circuit is driven by an AC source with a peak voltage of 5.00 V. a. What is the crossover frequency fc? b. What...
Find the focal length of the glass lens in FIGURE EX34.27. 40 cm 40 cm FIGURE EX34.27
An object is 12 cm in front of a concave mirror with a focal length of 20 cm. Use ray tracing to locate the image. Is the image upright or inverted?
A fortune tellers crystal ball (actually just glass) is 10 cm in diameter. Her secret ring is placed 6.0 cm from the edge of the ball. a. An image of the ring appears on the opposite side of the...
Water enters a hydraulic turbine through a 30-cmdiameter pipe at a rate of 0.6 m 3 /s and exits through a 25-cmdiameter pipe. The pressure drop in the turbine is measured by a mercury manometer to be...
An aeration basin is used to oxygenate wastewater at 283 K. The basin is filled to a depth of 4.55 m with 283 m 3 wastewater of 0.050 mmole/L initial dissolved oxygen (O 2 ) concentration. The filled...
What is the speed, as a fraction of c, of a particle whose momentum is mc?
A spherical pellet containing pure solid A is suspended in a flowing liquid stream at 20C. The initial diameter of the pellet is 1.0 cm, and the bulk liquid velocity is 10.0 cm/s. Component A is...
Advertisement signs are commonly carried by taxicabs for additional income, but they also increase the fuel cost. Consider a sign that consists of a 0.30-m-high, 0.9-m-wide, and 0.9-m-long...
A hot surface at 100°C is to be cooled by attaching 3-cm-long, 0.25-cm-diameter aluminum pin fins (k = 237 W/m·K) to it, with a center-to-center distance of 0.6 cm. The temperature of the...
A plane wall with surface temperature of 350°C is attached with straight rectangular fins (k = 235 W/m·K). The fins are exposed to an ambient air condition of 25°C and the convection...
A 5-mm-diameter spherical ball at 50°C is covered by a 1-mm-thick plastic insulation (k = 0.13 W/m·K). The ball is exposed to a medium at 15°C, with a combined convection and radiation...
Hot water at an average temperature of 70C is flowing through a 15-m section of a cast iron pipe (k = 52 W/mK) whose inner and outer diameters are 4 cm and 4.6 cm, respectively. The outer surface of...
A 2.2-mm-diameter and 10-m-long electric wire is tightly wrapped with a 1-mm-thick plastic cover whose thermal conductivity is k = 0.15 W/m·K. Electrical measurements indicate that a current...
Superheated steam at an average temperature 200C is transported through a steel pipe (k = 50 W/mK, D o = 8.0 cm, D i = 6.0 cm, and L = 20.0 m). The pipe is insulated with a 4-cm thick layer of gypsum...
Solar radiation is incident on the glass cover of a solar collector at a rate of 700 W/m 2 . The glass transmits 88 percent of the incident radiation and has an emissivity of 0.90. The entire hot...
Consider a refrigeration truck traveling at 70 mi/h at a location where the air is at 1 atm and 80°F. The refrigerated compartment of the truck can be considered to be a 9-ft-wide, 8-ft-high, and...
The heavyweight boxing champion of the world punches a sheet of paper in midair, bringing it from rest up to a speed of 25.0 m/s in 0.050 s. The mass of the paper is 0.003 kg. Show that the force of...
An appliance that uses 1000W of power is connected by 12 gauge (diameter 2.053mm) copper wire to a120V (RMS) AC outlet. Estimate the power lost permeter, dP lost /dL, (in W/m) as resistive heating in...
Take the divergence of both sides of eq. Use Coulombs law on the left and current conservation on right to show that the equation is consistent. V - 3D . at
Everyday experience indicates that it is much easier to compress gases than liquids. This property is measured by the isothermal compressibility, =1/V V/p| T , the fractional change in a substances...
Roughly 70% of the 5 10 14 m 2 of Earths surface is covered by oceans. How much energy would it take to melt enough of the ice in Greenland and Antarctica to raise sea levels 1 meter? Suppose that...
Find the frequency of the lowest vibrational mode of a diatomic molecule in terms of the parameters of the Morse potential, eq. Vstone () = De (1-e -r)* -1 -a(r-re
Look up the standard enthalpies of formation and the entropies of solid ice and liquid water and verify that ice may spontaneously melt at NTP (20 C, 1 atm).
Consider a Carnot engine cycle operating between a maximum temperature of T 3 = T 4 = 400 F and a minimum temperature of T 1 = T 2 = 60 F. Assume that the lowest pressure attained is p 1 = 1 atm,...
Mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight and heat a molten salt mixture to 500K. A heat engine is then used to convert the thermal energy to useful mechanical form. Compare a Carnot engine to a...
Suppose two engines, one SI, the other CI, have the same temperature range, T 1 = 300K and T 3 = 1800K. Suppose the SI engine, modeled as an ideal Otto cycle, has a compression ratio of 10:1, while...
An industrial freezer is designed to use ammonia (NH 3 )as a working fluid. The freezer is designed so that ammonia flowing through tubes inside the freezer at p vaporizes at T = 40 C, drawing heat...
Consider a volume of 100 L of water, initially in liquid form at temperature T i , to which U = 25 MJ of energy is added from an external reservoir at temperature T r through a thermal resistance, so...
A steam turbine can be modeled as an is entropic expansion. The incoming steam is super heated at an initial temperature T + and pressure p + . After expansion, the exhausted steam is at temperature...
A uranium enrichment facility produces nuclear reactor fuel enriched to 4% 235 U to fuel the reactor whose power to fuel consumption ratio is described by eq. (19.15) For each tonne of natural...
Show that a charged particle moving in the plane perpendicular to a constant magnetic field (eq. (19.29) moves in a circle with Br = mv/q. What is the radius of the circle for an electron with energy...
The flux of cosmic ray muons at sea level is about one per square centimeter per minute. Given their mass stopping power of2 MeV cm 2 /gm, and their weighting factor , w = 1 estimate an average...
The relativistic transformation law that relates the coordinates seen by an observer (2) moving at velocity v relative to an observer (1) is x 2 = (cosh ?)x 1 ?(sinh ?)ct 1 , ct 2 = (cosh ?)ct 1 ?...
Estimate the rate of thermal radiation from a household hot-water radiator with a surface area of 1 m 2 and a temperature of 80.
Show that the insolation averaged over the year and over the entire Earth is 341 W/m 2 .
Use the data given in the wind rose Figure 28.19 To make a crude estimate of the average ?v? and root mean cube v? wind speed at Klamath Lake, Oregon. From these, estimate the Weibull parameters for...
Estimate the energy extracted from 1 km 3 of granite if cooled from 300 C to 200 C. Assume that a power plant runs between the (time-varying) temperature T g of the granite and an ambient...
A car moves along a straight line so that its position (distance from some starting point) varies with time as described by the graph shown here. a. Does the car ever go backward? Explain. b. Is the...
The engine of a car is part of the car and cannot push directly on the car in order to accelerate it. What external force acting on the car is responsible for the acceleration of the car on a level...
A 6-kg block being pushed across a table by a force P has an acceleration of 3.0 m/s 2 . a. What is the net force acting upon the block? b. If the magnitude of P is 20 N, what is the magnitude of the...
A 4-kg sled sliding freely on an icy surface experiences a 2-N frictional force exerted by the ice and an air-resistive force of 0.5 N. a. What is the net force acting on the sled? b. What is the...
A rough measure of the enthalpy of combustion of a hydrocarbon can be obtained by assuming that all CC bonds contribute the same energy to the combustion process when broken, and that the same is...
Show that an n-layer atmosphere of the type described in Example 34.2 gives a surface temperature? = ( Vn + 1) 255 K Is 4
Earths albedo is currently estimated to be a 0.30.By what percentage would a have to increase to offset the estimated increase in forcing eq. (34.36) due to doubling of CO 2 since pre-industrial...
Reproduce the results in Example 36.4 using eq. (36.25) rather than by the direct calculation of available work that was used in the example. you can use the Sackur?Tetrode formula (8.65) for the...
Consider using the McIntosh salt mine described in Example 37.2 for adiabatic storage. Compute the energy stored if a volume of air initially at p 0 = 1 atm is compressed to p H = 75 atm, and compare...
According to Figure 37.7, the energy density of hydrogen compressed to 700 atm is approximately 5.6 MJ/L.Assuming hydrogen behaves as an ideal gas throughout,estimate the energy density of hydrogen...
The initial temperature of 150 g of ice is -20C. The specific heat capacity of ice is 0.5 cal/gC and waters is 1 cal/gC. The latent heat of fusion of water is 80 cal/g. a. How much heat is required...
If you increase the speed of a wave on a Slinky by increasing the tension but keep the same frequency of back-and forth motion, does the wavelength increase or decrease? Explain.
An organ pipe closed at one end and open at the other has a length of 0.5 m. a. What is the longest possible wavelength for the interfering sound waves that can form a standing wave in this pipe? b....
If one guitar string is tuned to a frequency of 440 Hz and a string on another guitar produces 6 beats per second when played together with the first string, what are the possible frequencies of the...
A certain rope has a length of 8 m and a mass of 2.4 kg. It is fixed at one end and held taut at the other with a tension of 30 N. The end of the rope is moved up and down with a frequency of 2.5 Hz....
An insect is embedded inside a glass block (n = 1.5) so that it is located 2.4 cm below a plane surface of the block. How far from this surface does this insect appear to a person looking at the...
With your friends, whirl a bucket of water in a vertical circle fast enough so the water doesnt spill out. As it happens, the water in the bucket is falling, but with less speed than you give to the...
What are three lines of evidence supporting cosmic inflation?
In contact metamorphism, water-rich, low-melting temperature minerals are found far away from the contact zone. Give two examples of such minerals.
Identify the following functional groups in this organic molecule: amide, ester, ketone, ether, alcohol, aldehyde, amine.
What is a fossil? How are fossils used in the study of geology?
Darcys law gives us the volume flow ratevolume per time (for example, cubic meters per day, m 3 /day). Another way to express volume is on a per-unit-area basis. For example, if we have a 1-m 3 cube,...
In a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is on the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top. What relative dating principle applies here?
How old are the oldest rocks on Earth? About how old are the oldest rocks on the Moon?
The nearest star to our Sun is Alpha Centauri, which is about 4.4 light-years away. Assume that it too has an Oort cloud about 1.6 light-years in diameter. Show that there is enough space between us...
A residential photo voltaic installation is described as producing 5000 kilowatt hours per year. What is a kilowatt hour per year in SI units? What might be the purpose of using kWh/y rather than the...
What is the rationale for modeling combustion as a constant pressure process in the Diesel cycle when it was modeled as constant volume in the Otto cycle?
Gravity is a long-range force proportional to the masses of the interacting bodies. Physicists have long searched to see if there might be a long-range force that is proportional to baryon number....
Explain in words what is going on in the Rankine reheat cycle of Figure 13.16(a) and, referring to the figure, explain the statements made at the end of the discussion in the text about the...
Compute the ShockleyQueisser bound on V oc for a silicon cell with band gap 1.1 eV at temperature T = 300 K. Model the Sun as a black body at 6000 K.
Compute the momentum of an electron with kinetic energy 2 eV and compare to the momenta of a photon with the same energy. Explain why such a photon cannot excite an electron in silicon without...
Explain why petroleum is currently the primary source of fuel for land and air transport, while coal is the primary fuel for electric power plants.
In 35.3.3 we remarked that the fact that ice floats in seawater has far-reaching consequences for climate and life on Earth. Discuss what Earths surface might look like if ice did not float.
Estimate the thermodynamic limit on the 1st law efficiency of a device that turns heat radiation from a wood fire into electricity.
When you turn on a powerful motor in your home, such as an air conditioner compressor, you will notice the incandescent lights dim briefly. Explain why.
The electric power generator for an orbiting satellite is composed of a long, cylindrical uranium heat source that is housed within an enclosure of square cross section. The only way for heat that is...
A pipeline containing natural gas from a hydraulic fracturing process contains 80% methane gas (CH 4 , species A) and 20% ethane (C 2 H 6 , species B) gas at 3.0 atm and 17 C, as shown in figure...
The orbiting space shuttle moved around Earth well above 99 percent of the atmosphere, yet it still accumulated an electric charge on its skin due, in part, to the loss of electrons caused by the...
Show that a small change in the reduced mass of the electron produces a small change in a spectral line given by / = /. Use this to calculate the difference in the Balmer red line = 656.3 nm...
An atom in an excited state will on the average undergo a transition to a state of lower energy in about 10 -8 seconds. If the electron in a doubly ionized lithium atom (Li +2 , which is...
In a particular x-ray tube, an electron approaches the target moving at 2.25 x 10 8 m/s. It slows down on being deflected by a nucleus of the target, emitting a photon of energy 32.5 keV. Ignoring...
What must be the kinetic energy of an electron if the ratio of its de Broglie wavelength to its Compton wavelength is (a) 10 2 , (b) 0.2, and (c) 10 -3 ?
If a rigid body has moment of inertia I and angular velocity , its kinetic energy is where L is the angular momentum. The solution of the Schrdinger equation for this problem leads to quantized...
The value of the constant C 200 in Equation 7-33 is Find the values of (a) , (b) 2 , and (c) The radial probability density P(r) at r = a 0 for the state n = 2, = 0, m = 0 in hydrogen. Give your...
(a) What is the ratio of the number of particles per unit area on the screen scattered at 10 to those at 1? (b) What is the ratio of those scattered at 30 to those at 1?
Compute the normalization constant C 210 in Equation 7-34. 210 = C210e-Zr/2an cos 0 ao 7-34
FIGURE EX2.5 shows the position graph of a particle. a. Draw the particles velocity graph for the interval 0 s £ t £ 4 s. b. Does this particle have a turning point or points? If so, at...
Does the object represented in FIGURE Q1.4 have a positive or negative value of α x ? Explain. Figure Q1.4
A speed skater accelerates from rest and then keeps skating at a constant speed. Draw a complete motion diagram of the skater?
A car travels to the left at a steady speed for a few seconds, then brakes for a stop sign. Draw a complete motion diagram of the car?
A Porsche accelerates from a stoplight at 5.0 m/s 2 for five seconds, then coasts for three more seconds. How far has it traveled? Draw a complete pictorial representation. Do not solve these...
Alan leaves Los Angeles at 8:00 a.m. to drive to San Francisco, 400 mi away. He travels at a steady 50 mph. Beth leaves Los Angeles at 9:00 a.m. and drives a steady 60 mph. a. Who gets to San...
A rock is dropped from the top of a tall building. The rocks displacement in the last second before it hits the ground is 45% of the entire distance it falls. How tall is the building?