A recently developed drug. MediCo, has been used over the past 12 months to treat a...
Fantastic news! We've Found the answer you've been seeking!
Question:
Transcribed Image Text:
A recently developed drug. MediCo, has been used over the past 12 months to treat a potentially fatal disease. MediCo was approved by a medical regulator last year following initial trials and mortality data has been collected over the past 12 months, since approval, to continue reviewing the drug's effectiveness. This mortality data has been compared with mortality data collected from infected patients, prior to MediCo's approval, who were NOT administered the drug. It is suspected that gender may be a significant covariate on the mortality rate of infected patients. The 'CBTDATA_0321.csv file contains the combined mortality data from this investigation for 4,400 infected patients. The file contains the following five variables: Life Drug Gender Status Time Unique patient identifier (integers 1, 2, 4,400) Drug indicator (1= received drug. 0= did not receive drug) Gender indicator (1= female, 0= male) Status indicator (1=death due to disease, 0 censoring event occurred) Duration in days at which death/censoring occurred (integers with a range of 1-365, with 1 = first day of the investigation and 365- last day of the investigation). Before answering this question, the CBTDATA 0321.csv file should be loaded into R and assigned to a data frame called mortalitydata. a) Plot the Kaplan-Meier survival function estimate for all patients, together with its two-sided 99.5% confidence interval. b) Determine, using the estimated survival function from part (a), the probability that a patient survived from the beginning of the investigation to the end of the investigation. c) Evaluate the appropriateness of the probability value, calculated in part (b), for assessing MediCo's effectiveness. d) Plot, on a single graph, four Kaplan-Meier survival function estimates without any confidence intervals, where each estimate represents one of the four possible patient group combinations of drug and gender. You should use separate colours to identify each survival function. e) Estimate a Cox proportional hazards model with death as the event of interest using the two covariates, drug, and gender, with no interaction term, pasting your results into your answer script. g) Update the Cox proportional hazards model in part (r) to include an interaction term between drug and gender, pasting your results into your answer script. (8 marks) h) Analyse the effectiveness of Medico, commenting on any differences between males and females. (4 marks) (4 marks) (9 marks) f) Comment on the results produced in part (e) with reference to the effects of the two (5 marks) covariates, drug and gender, on the mortality rate. (8 marks) 5 (8 marks) (4 marks) A recently developed drug. MediCo, has been used over the past 12 months to treat a potentially fatal disease. MediCo was approved by a medical regulator last year following initial trials and mortality data has been collected over the past 12 months, since approval, to continue reviewing the drug's effectiveness. This mortality data has been compared with mortality data collected from infected patients, prior to MediCo's approval, who were NOT administered the drug. It is suspected that gender may be a significant covariate on the mortality rate of infected patients. The 'CBTDATA_0321.csv file contains the combined mortality data from this investigation for 4,400 infected patients. The file contains the following five variables: Life Drug Gender Status Time Unique patient identifier (integers 1, 2, 4,400) Drug indicator (1= received drug. 0= did not receive drug) Gender indicator (1= female, 0= male) Status indicator (1=death due to disease, 0 censoring event occurred) Duration in days at which death/censoring occurred (integers with a range of 1-365, with 1 = first day of the investigation and 365- last day of the investigation). Before answering this question, the CBTDATA 0321.csv file should be loaded into R and assigned to a data frame called mortalitydata. a) Plot the Kaplan-Meier survival function estimate for all patients, together with its two-sided 99.5% confidence interval. b) Determine, using the estimated survival function from part (a), the probability that a patient survived from the beginning of the investigation to the end of the investigation. c) Evaluate the appropriateness of the probability value, calculated in part (b), for assessing MediCo's effectiveness. d) Plot, on a single graph, four Kaplan-Meier survival function estimates without any confidence intervals, where each estimate represents one of the four possible patient group combinations of drug and gender. You should use separate colours to identify each survival function. e) Estimate a Cox proportional hazards model with death as the event of interest using the two covariates, drug, and gender, with no interaction term, pasting your results into your answer script. g) Update the Cox proportional hazards model in part (r) to include an interaction term between drug and gender, pasting your results into your answer script. (8 marks) h) Analyse the effectiveness of Medico, commenting on any differences between males and females. (4 marks) (4 marks) (9 marks) f) Comment on the results produced in part (e) with reference to the effects of the two (5 marks) covariates, drug and gender, on the mortality rate. (8 marks) 5 (8 marks) (4 marks)
Expert Answer:
Answer rating: 100% (QA)
a To plot the KaplanMeier survival function estimate for all patients tog... View the full answer
Related Book For
Understanding Business Statistics
ISBN: 978-1118145258
1st edition
Authors: Stacey Jones, Tim Bergquist, Ned Freed
Posted Date:
Students also viewed these accounting questions
-
It is suspected that using premium gasoline rather than regular will increase the mileage for automobiles with a particular engine design. Sixteen cars are used in a randomized experiment. Eight are...
-
It is suspected that a coin is not balanced (not fair). Let p be the probability of tossing a head. To test H0: p = 0.5 against the alternative hypothesis Ha: p > 0.5, a coin is tossed 15 times. Let...
-
It is suspected that some of the totes containing chemicals purchased from a supplier exceed the moisture content target. Samples from 30 totes are to be tested for moisture content. Assume that the...
-
In Equation (8.2), the cost of raw materials, C RM , is multiplied by a factor of 1.23. The reason for this is that, in general, the estimated cost of raw materials is expected to be about 20% low...
-
Novastar Corporation issued 2,000 of its 1,000, 10% ten-year bonds dated July 1, Year 1, at a time when the market paid 9% for bonds of similar risk. Interest is payable annually. The bonds were...
-
Hallam, Price, and Katsarou (2002) investigated the influence of background noise on classroom performance for children aged 10 to 12. In a similar study, students in one classroom worked on an...
-
The following is the adjusted trial balance of Flappy Health, Inc., for August 31,2010. Requirement 1. Journalize the closing entries at August 31. Happy Health, Inc. Adjusted Trial Balance August...
-
Lena Kay and Kathy Lauder have a patent on a new line of cosmetics. They need additional capital to market the products, and they plan to incorporate the business. They are considering the capital...
-
Given f (x, y) = = x tan-1 (xy), find y (2, 3) . Just enter the numerical answer. If answer is a fraction, enter the simplified fraction with a / (for example, 3/4). Do not enter a decimal.
-
Felde Bucket Co., a manufacturer of rain barrels, had the following data for 2016: Sales .......................... 2,500 units Sales price ................... $40 per unit Variable costs...
-
Problem 5 [40 pts]: In this problem, there is a knowledge base KB: as well as a query Q: KB = (a b)^ (a>c) Q=(c b) Use three different techniques show that this claim C (propositional logic sentence)...
-
(a) If the kinetic energy of an electron and the energy of a photon are both \(2.00 \times 10^{-18} \mathrm{~J}\), calculate the ratio of the de Broglie wavelength of the electron to the wavelength...
-
Describe three information technology trends.
-
How would you find the amount that would be paid monthly on a 30-year mortgage?
-
Electroplating is used to deposit the copper metal lines in integrated circuit processing. In this case, dissolution of a copper anode is used to provide cupric ions (Cu2+) for reaction; that is, the...
-
In which of the following situations would the amounts of expense and expenditure for the period differ? a. An aa uses and is billed for utilities but has paid only half of the amount billed at year...
-
18) Approximately how much force is needed to lift the weight? 24 lbs A. O 24 lbs B. O 10 lbs C. O 48 lbs D. 12 lbs E. O 18 lbs 4 19) Approximately how much force is needed to lift the weight? 18 lbs...
-
All of the following assets can be depreciated, except: (a) A bulldozer (b) A copper mine (c) A surgical robot (d) A conveyor belt
-
Exercise 30 reported on a survey of senior year students at M.I.T. who intended to enter the workforce immediately after graduation. Suppose the number of interviews relative frequency distribution...
-
Refer to Exercise 31. You have a random sample of 100 population members from each of two populations and you want to set up a test for the following hypotheses: H 0 : 1 2 = 0 H a : 1 2 0 a....
-
Refer to Exercise 4 (employee turnover rate), where the least squares line is y = 139.2 6.7x. a. Report the SSE and s y. x values. b. Tell what these measures represent.
-
Show that \(\left(\frac{\partial C_{P}}{\partial P} ight)_{T}=\frac{6 B}{T^{3}}\) for a gas obeying the equation of state \(V=\frac{R T}{P}+A-\frac{B}{T^{2}}\). [Hint: We know that...
-
What are principal coordinates? What is their use?
-
Define these terms: mass coupling, velocity coupling, elastic coupling.
Study smarter with the SolutionInn App