solve all the attachments What is implied by a serializable request for at least two exchanges? [2

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What is implied by a serializable request for at least two exchanges? [2 marks] (b) Explain how timestamp requesting (TSO) upholds segregation. [5 marks] (c) Draw and make sense of a set of experiences diagram for two exchanges whose summons of a bunch of clashing tasks are serializable however which are dismissed by TSO. [5 marks] (d) Considering Optimistic Concurrency Control (OCC): (I) State the properties of an exchange's arrangement of shadow duplicates that should be checked at commit time.How does Standard ML limit the composing rule for let-articulations to reestablish type sufficiency? For what reason does the limitation deliver untypeable the model you utilized to some extent (b)? [5 marks] 10 Computer Systems Modeling (a) Let U be a uniform (0, 1) irregular variable. Show that for any nonstop circulation work F(x), the arbitrary variable X characterized by X = F ?1 (U) has the likelihood appropriation work F(x). [4 marks] (b) Use your outcome to some degree (a) and a uniform (0, 1) arbitrary variable, U, to develop arbitrary factors for the accompanying two circulations: (I) the uniform (a, b) conveyance where an and b are genuine numbers to such an extent that a < b; [3 marks] (ii) the remarkable dissemination Exp(?) with boundary ? > 0. [3 marks] (c) Suppose that X1, X2, . . . , Xn are free, indistinguishably conveyed arbitrary factors with mean and change ? 2 . Utilize as far as possible hypothesis to determine an estimated 100(1 ? ?) percent certainty stretch for . [5 marks] (d) How might you get a certainty stretch like that given to a limited extent (c) that is precise in the exceptional situation where the irregular factors X1, X2, . . . , Xn have a Normal circulation? [5 marks] 8 CST.2007.7.9 11 VLSI Design (a) Sketch a semiconductor level circuit for a 2-information AND door in static CMOS.Consider the design of a 16-input AND gate in static CMOS. (i) Explain why the 2-input design could not simply be scaled up. [2 marks] (ii) Sketch alternative designs using two and four levels of NAND and NOR gates. [2 2 marks] (iii) Use logical effort to estimate the delay of both the designs, assuming that the conducting channel in a pFET has twice the resistance of that in an nFET. [10 marks] (iv) Determine the approximate value of the electrical effort at which their speeds are equal. [2 marks] 12 Human-Computer Interaction You have been asked to work as a usability consultant, for a company where the development team has created a new version of an existing product. Two important requirements were that the new user interface should be both efficient and intuitive. (a) How would you interpret each of these requirements, in the light of your knowledge of HCI? [1 mark each] (b) The development team claim that their new user interface is already more efficient than the old one. Explain in detail how you could measure whether this claim is justified. [7 marks] (c) The developers also claim that their new version is already more intuitive than the old one. Explain in detail how you could measure whether this claim is justified. [7 marks] (d) What technique could you have used to predict each of these measured improvements, if you had been consulted earlier in the design cycle? [2 marks each] 9 (TURN OVER) CST.2007.7.10 13 Business Studies (a) Give five criteria an investor might apply to a start-up proposal. [5 marks] (b) What are the differences between debt and equity finance? [5 marks] (c) A software start-up company is developing computer games software. They believe their game will have potential market of a million units selling at a retail price of 49.99. They have already raised 1M from Angel investors for 33% of the company, which has been mostly spent on development. They estimate they can complete development and become cash flow positive following initial marketing, but that this will cost a further 1M and take another year. They intend to raise this money by selling further equity. (i) Price this issue. [5 marks] (ii) They receive a letter of intent from a publisher confirming their market estimation and offering 10% royalty on the retail price with 500k recoupable but non-refundable advance (where the publisher will take the first 500k of royalty earned to recoup the advance, but will not demand a refund if the game fails to sell). Should the company take this offer and how does this affect the proposed share offer? [5 marks] 14 E-Commerce (a) Outline five business models for e-commerce. [5 marks] (b) Outline five methods of valuing an e-commerce business. [5 marks] (c)

[2 marks] (ii) Carefully make sense of the calculation utilized by a solitary strung commit-time validator. [4 marks] (e) Consider a framework where the exchanges make refreshes objects which are not all situated on a solitary server but rather which are dispersed generally around the Internet. What elements could impact your decision of utilizing TSO or OCC to authorize disengagement? [2 marks] 2 CST.2007.4.3 2 Probability Suppose you have k lights, where k > 1, and that the likelihood of any singular bulb not working is p. Two systems for testing the k bulbs are: (A) Test every bulb independently. This steps through k exams. (B) Wire up all k bulbs as a series circuit. On the off chance that every one of the bulbs come on, the testing is finished in only one test, in any case return to technique A taking a sum of k + 1 tests. Let X be an irregular variable whose esteem r is the quantity of tests required utilizing system B. The likelihood P(X = r) might be communicated as: P(X = r) = (1 ? p) k , if r = 1 1 ? (1 ? p) k , if r = k + 1 0, in any case (a) Explain this capacity and legitimize the imperative k >

A Go to your Customer class and compose the word private in tront of all credits: confidential String name; private int age; confidential float cash; Now you will see that the Store and StoreTestProgram will never again order. That is honey bee use they are directiy acoessing the inside ascribes of the C ustomer object. We should gt] bactr into that code and slant it But tirst, we want to conclude which credits ought to be apparent to the world. That is, which attlibutes are Oil to be seen and gotten to by different items. El. Indeed, for our instructional exercise, how about we expect that the name and mature ought to be publidy apparent [i.e., we are wiling to impart that inforrnaiion to everybody} except that no one ought to know the amount of cash we possess. Right now, we are now forestalling everybody outside the Customer class fmm perceiving the amount of cash a Customer possesses. So we simply have to permit them to see different properties. C. To do this, we matte what are called get strategies. Get strategies are public techniques that will get the qualities for us. Compose the accompanying in the Customer class: public: String gettlameti { remrn none; } D. Presently, compose a comparable technique catled getAget} that profits the qualities or the age property. Go into the Store class and storeTestFrogram class and wherever that you notice that a Customer's age trait is being gotten to directiy. E. You ought to change the code to utilize your new get technique. For instance, clients [i] . age Will beoome clients [i] .getAge I: I . Note that you will in any case have issues where the cash property is gotten to, in light of the fact that we didn't matte a get strategy for the cash quality. We should matte a couple of changes to ?x this. First off, we can conclude that we don't maintain that a store should have the option to burglarize any clients: F. Erase the robn strategy. Presently, all that remains is to ?ll: the richestCustomert} strategy, which actually gets to the cash quality. Since we didn't make a get strategy for the cash, we couldn't get to itfrom the store class and cash is just noticeable inside the Customer ctass. Depend'ng on how you composed your code, notice what the code in the assuming explanation is doing. It looks at the cash ascribes of two C ustomer objects. We can really compose a strategy that does this inside the Customer class. G. Make a technique in the Customer class called hasMoreMoneyThantCustomer c] which returns tme irthe client calling the strategy has more cash titan the client o, if not it ought to get back bogus.

31998707 31998705 H. Presently change your code in the Store class' riohestCustomeri} technique to make use ofthis recently made hasMoreMoneyThani} strategy. Presently the code no longer gets to the cash quality of any Customer object and has no clue about how moth cash; eam Customer has. For what reason is this such a benefit? liClIur store class doesn't have to know any insights concerning how not set in stone for clients. It we store how cash is put away in the Customer class, or we change the standards for decide whether X is more extravagant than Y, our Store class code needn't bother with to be refreshed. It depends on the aftereffect of the Customer class' hasMorelv'loneyThann strategy to work, paying little mind to how that technique is carried out. We have effectively epitomized our information and safeguarded it from being modified by anything beyond the class. 5) We actually have a slight issue trorn our epitome in the past advance. We have added a resth'ction that NONE of the qualities can at any point be modified, regardless of whether we needed them to. For instance, expect that we believe the Customers should each have an interesting prizes ID so the store can monitor every client's prizes status leg, for a client unwaveringness program, free tacos and sum}. A. Add an int characteristic called rewardsld to the Customer class and make a proper get strategy inside the class. El. Set the rewardsld to ? 1 in the constructor. Presently. who ought to be dependable to setting the Customer rewardsld? Reasonable the actual Store. This should be possible, maybe when a Customer makes a buy for the ?rst tirne. G. Add a confidential static class variable called LATEST ID 11] the Store class and set it hit 1?tl|tl|tl|tl| as a matter of course. Ensure that you didn't make it ?nal, in light of the fact that it Will change. D. Change the technique called addCusto meriCustomer C) in the Store class 50 that every Customer added gets an extraordinary prizes id lie, just addition the LATEST ID as a counter}. You will experience difficulty getting the code to aggregate since we rnade rewardsld private in the Customer class, so we can't get to or change it from the Store class. E-To ?x this issue, add a set technique to the Customer class. The strategy ought to accept a whole number [D esteem as a contention and update the client's prizes id characteristic. F. Presently return to the addCustomeri} technique in the Store class and utilize this set strategy to ?x the issue. We have effectively accornptished what we expected to do. We are permitting the Store class to change a confidential trait in the Customer class through utilization of a set technique. Simply recollect, just make set strategies for ascribes that you are Willing to be modi?able. G. Return to the Store class and make every one of the characteristics private. H. Add the accompanying get strategies in anticipation of the following inquiry:

MallTestProgram.java

public static void main(String args[]) { // Make the mall Mall trainyards = new Mall("Trainyards");

// Make some stores Store walmart, dollarama, michaels, farmBoy; trainyards.addStore(walmart = new Store("Walmart")); trainyards.addStore(dollarama = new Store("Dollarama")); trainyards.addStore(michaels = new Store("Michaels")); trainyards.addStore(farmBoy = new Store("Farm Boy"));

// Create the customers Customer c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12, c13, c14; Customer c15, c16, c17, c18, c19, c20, c21, c22, c23, c24, c25, c26; c1 = new Customer("Amie", 14, 100); c2 = new Customer("Brad", 15, 0); c3 = new Customer("Cory", 10, 100); c4 = new Customer("Dave", 5, 48); c5 = new Customer("Earl", 21, 500); c6 = new Customer("Flem", 18, 1); c7 = new Customer("Gary", 8, 20); c8 = new Customer("Hugh", 65, 30); c9 = new Customer("Iggy", 43, 74); c10 = new Customer("Joan", 55, 32); c11 = new Customer("Kyle", 16, 88); c12 = new Customer("Lore", 12, 1000); c13 = new Customer("Mary", 17, 6); c14 = new Customer("Nick", 13, 2); c15 = new Customer("Omar", 18, 24); c16 = new Customer("Patt", 24, 45); c17 = new Customer("Quin", 42, 355); c18 = new Customer("Ruth", 45, 119); c19 = new Customer("Snow", 74, 20); c20 = new Customer("Tamy", 88, 25); c21 = new Customer("Ulsa", 2, 75); c22 = new Customer("Vern", 9, 90); c23 = new Customer("Will", 11, 220); c24 = new Customer("Xeon", 17, 453); c25 = new Customer("Ying", 19, 76); c26 = new Customer("Zack", 22, 35);

// Add the customers to the stores walmart.addCustomer(c1); walmart.addCustomer(c3); walmart.addCustomer(c4); walmart.addCustomer(c5); walmart.addCustomer(c8); walmart.addCustomer(c12); walmart.addCustomer(c13); walmart.addCustomer(c14); walmart.addCustomer(c17); walmart.addCustomer(c19); walmart.addCustomer(c25); dollarama.addCustomer(c2); dollarama.addCustomer(c3); dollarama.addCustomer(c5); dollarama.addCustomer(c6); dollarama.addCustomer(c13); dollarama.addCustomer(c16); dollarama.addCustomer(c18); dollarama.addCustomer(c19); dollarama.addCustomer(c20); michaels.addCustomer(c1); michaels.addCustomer(c2); michaels.addCustomer(c7); michaels.addCustomer(c9); michaels.addCustomer(c15); michaels.addCustomer(c18); michaels.addCustomer(c22); michaels.addCustomer(c23); michaels.addCustomer(c24); michaels.addCustomer(c26); farmBoy.addCustomer(c1); farmBoy.addCustomer(c2); farmBoy.addCustomer(c5); farmBoy.addCustomer(c10); farmBoy.addCustomer(c11); farmBoy.addCustomer(c19); farmBoy.addCustomer(c21); farmBoy.addCustomer(c24); farmBoy.addCustomer(c25);

// Determine whether or not certain customers shopped at the same store System.out.println("Did Amie and Xeon shop at the same store: " + trainyards.shoppedAtSameStore(c1, c24)); System.out.println("Did Brad and Nick shop at the same store: " + trainyards.shoppedAtSameStore(c2, c14)); } }

StoreTestProgram.java

public class StoreTestProgram { public static void main(String args[]) { Customer[] result; Store walmart;

walmart = new Store("Walmart off Innes"); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Amie", 14, 100)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Brad", 15, 0)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Cory", 10, 100)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Dave", 5, 48)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Earl", 21, 500)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Flem", 18, 1)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Gary", 8, 20)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Hugh", 65, 30)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Iggy", 43, 74)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Joan", 55, 32)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Kyle", 16, 88)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Smaug", 12, 1000)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Mary", 17, 6)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Nick", 13, 2)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Omar", 18, 24)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Patt", 24, 45)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Quin", 42, 355)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Ruth", 45, 119)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Snow", 74, 20)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Tamy", 81, 25)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Ulsa", 2, 75)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Vern", 9, 90)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Will", 11, 220)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Xeon", 17, 453)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Ying", 19, 76)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Zack", 22, 35));

System.out.println("Here are the customers:n"); walmart.listCustomers()walmart = new Store("Walmart off Innes"); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Amie", 14, 100)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Brad", 15, 0)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Cory", 10, 100)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Dave", 5, 48)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Earl", 21, 500)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Flem", 18, 1)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Gary", 8, 20)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Hugh", 65, 30)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Iggy", 43, 74)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Joan", 55, 32)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Kyle", 16, 88)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Smaug", 12, 1000)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Mary", 17, 6)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Nick", 13, 2)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Omar", 18, 24)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Patt", 24, 45)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Quin", 42, 355)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Ruth", 45, 119)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Snow", 74, 20)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Tamy", 81, 25)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Ulsa", 2, 75)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Vern", 9, 90)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Will", 11, 220)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Xeon", 17, 453)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Ying", 19, 76)); walmart.addCustomer(new Customer("Zack", 22, 35));

System.out.println("Here are the customers:n"); walmart.listCustomers(); } }