A small dataset has 12 values: 4.5, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.1, 6.2,

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A small dataset has 12 values: 4.5, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.1, 6.2, and 12.4.

a. Find the mean and standard deviation for this dataset. When calculating the standard deviation, use n – 1 in the formula.

b. Convert all the scores to z-scores.

c. What is the mean and standard deviation of the new z-scores?

d. Does the rank order of the subjects change when you convert their scores to z-scores?

e. Based on the z-scores, which score from the original data is probably an outlier?

f. Why are so many z-scores in this dataset negative?

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