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mechanical engineering
Questions and Answers of
Mechanical Engineering
A 4 kg iron block initially at 300oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 80 kg of water at 25oC. Assuming the water that vaporizes during this process condenses back in the tank and the
A refrigerator has a second-law efficiency of 45%, and heat is removed from it at a rate of 200 kJ/min. If the refrigerator is maintained at 2oC, while the surrounding air is at 27oC, determine (a)
An air-conditioning system is required to transfer heat from a house at a rate of 800 kJ/min to maintain its temperature at 20oC while the outside temperature is 40oC. If the COP of the system is
A heat engine receives heat from a source at 2000 K at a rate of 500 kW and rejects the waste heat to the atmosphere at 300 K. The net output from the engine is 300 kW. Determine (a) the reversible
A heat engine produces 40 kW of power while consuming 40 kW of heat from a source at 1200 K, 50 kW of heat from a source at 1500 K, and rejecting the waste heat to the atmosphere at 300 K. Determine
An insulated rigid tank contains 1.5 kg of helium at 30oC and 500 kPa. A paddle wheel with a power rating of 0.1 kW is operated within the tank for 30 minutes. Determine (a) The minimum work in
An insulated rigid tank contains 1.0 kg of air at 130 kPa and 20oC. A paddle wheel inside the tank is rotated by an external power source until the temperature in the tank rises to 54oC. If the
A steam radiator (used for space heating) has a volume of 20 L and is filled up with steam at 200 kPa and 250oC. The inlet and exit ports are then closed. As the radiator cools down to a room
A 5 kW pump is raising water to an elevation of 25 m from the free surface of a lake. The temperature of water increases by 0.1oC. Neglecting the KE, determine (a) The mass flow rate, (b) The
An insulated steam turbine, receives 25 kg of steam per second at 4 MPa and 400oC. At the point in the turbine where the pressure is 0.5 MPa, steam is bled off for processing equipment at a rate of
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 6 MPa, 600oC, 50 m/s, and exits at 50 kPa, 100oC, 150 m/s. The turbine produces 5 MW. If the ambient conditions are 100 kPa and 20oC, determine (a) The
Steam enters a turbine steadily at 2 MPa, 400oC, 6 kg/s and exits at 0.3 MPa, 150oC. Steam is losing heat to the surrounding air at 100 kPa and 25oC at a rate of 200 kW. Determine (a) The actual
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 8 MPa, 500oC, 50 m/s, and exits at 30 kPa, 150 m/s. The mass flow rate is 1 kg/s, the adiabatic efficiency is 90%, and the ambient temperature is 300 K.
A steam turbine has the inlet conditions of 5 MPa, 500oC and an exit pressure of 12 kPa. Assuming the atmospheric conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC, plot how the exegetic efficiency of the turbine
Refrigerant-12 is throttled by a valve from the saturated liquid state at 800 kPa to a pressure of 150 kPa at a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. Assuming the surrounding conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC,
Superheated water vapor enters a valve at 3445 kPa, 260oC and exits at a pressure of 551 kPa. Determine (a) the specific flow exergy (ψ) at the inlet and exit and (b) the rate of exergy destruction
Water at 140 kPa and 280 K enters a mixing chamber at a rate of 2 kg/s, where it is mixed steadily with steam entering at 140 kPa and 400 K. The mixture leaves the chamber at 140 kPa and 320 K, and
Steam enters a closed feedwater heater at 1.1 MPa, 200oC and leaves as saturated liquid at the same pressure. Feedwater enters the heater at 2.5 MPa, 50oC and in an isobaric manner leaves 12oC below
Measurements during steady state operation indicate that warm air exits a hand held hair dryer at a temperature of 90oC with a velocity of 10 m/s through an area of 20 cm3. Air enters the dryer at
A 0.5 m3 tank initially contains saturated liquid water at 200oC. A valve on the bottom of the tank is opened and half the liquid is drained. Heat is transferred from a source at 300oC to maintain
A 100 m3 rigid tank initially contains atmospheric air at 100 kPa and 300 K is to be used as a storage vessel for compressed air at 2 MPa and 300 K. Compressed air is to be supplied by a compressor
A 0.2 m3 tank initially contains R-12 at 1 MPa and x = 1. The tank is charged to 1.2 MPa, x = 0 from a supply line that carries R-12 at 1.5 MPa and 30oC. Determine (a) the heat transfer (Q) and (b)
A feed water heater has water at a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s at 5 MPa, 40oC flowing through it, being heated from two sources. One source adds 900 kW from a 100oC reservoir and the other source adds
Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa, 25oC, 20 m/s and exits at 1 MPa, 550oC, 100 m/s. The inlet area of the compressor is 75 cm2. Assuming the surroundings to be at 100 kPa and 25oC,
Refrigerant-134a is to be compressed from 0.2 MPa and -5oC to 1 MPa and 50oC steadily by an adiabatic compressor. Taking the environment conditions to be 20oC and 95 kPa, determine (a) The specific
Refrigerant-134a enters an adiabatic compressor as saturated vapor at 120 kPa at a rate of 1 m3/min and exits at 1 MPa. The compressor has an adiabatic efficiency of 85%. Assuming the surrounding
Consider an air compressor that receives ambient air at 100 kPa and 25oC. It compresses the air to a pressure of 2 MPa, where it exits at a temperature of 800 K. Since the air and compressor housing
Carbon dioxide (CO2) enters a nozzle at 35 psia, 1400oF, 250 ft/s and exits at 12 psia, 1200oF. Assuming the nozzle to be adiabatic and the surroundings to be at 14.7 psia and 65oF. Determine: (a)
Steam enters a turbine with a pressure of 3 MPa, a temperature of 400oC and a velocity of 140 m/s. Steam exits as saturated vapor at 100oC with a velocity of 105 m/s. At steady state, the turbine
A four-cylinder four-stroke engine operates at 4000 rpm. The bore and stroke are 100 mm each, the MEP is measured as 0.6 MPa, and the thermal efficiency is 35%. Determine (a) The power produced by
A six-cylinder four-stroke engine operating at 3000 rpm produces 200 kW of total brake power. If the cylinder displacement is 1 L, determine (a) The net work output in kJ per cylinder per cycle,
A four-cylinder two-stroke engine operating at 2000 rpm produces 50 kW of total brake power. If the cylinder displacement is 1 L, determine (a) The net work output in kJ per cylinder per cycle, (b)
A six-cylinder engine with a volumetric efficiency of 90% and a thermal efficiency of 38% produces 200 kW of power at 3000 rpm. The cylinder bore and stroke are 100 mm and 200 mm respectively. If the
Carnot cycle running on a closed system has 1.5 kg of air. The temperature limits are 300 K and 1000 K, and the pressure limits are 20 kPa and 1900 kPa. Determine (a) The efficiency and (b) The net
Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed system with 0.003 kg of air. The temperature limits are 25oC and 730oC, and the pressure limits are 15 kPa and 1700 kPa. Determine (a) The efficiency and
An air standard Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system between the temperature limits of 300 K and 1000 K. The pressure before and after the isothermal compression are 100 kPa and 300 kPa,
An air standard Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system between the temperature limits of 350 K and 1200 K. The pressure before and after the isothermal compression are 150 kPa and 300 kPa
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9. At the beginning of compression, air is at 14.4 psia and 80oF. During constant-volume heat addition 450 Btu/lbm of heat is transferred. Calculate
The compression ratio of an air standard Otto cycle is 8.7. Prior to the isentropic compression process, air is at 120 kPa, 19oC, and 660 cm3. The temperature at the end of the isentropic expansion
The compression ratio in an air standard Otto cycle is 8. At the beginning of the compression stroke the pressure is 0.1 MPa and the temperature is 21oC. The heat transfer to the air per cycle is
An ideal Otto cycle with argon as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8.5. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 350 K and 1630 K. Accounting for variation of specific heats
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8.3. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 100 kPa and 25oC, and 1000 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the constant volume
In problem 7-3-13 [OLL], assume the heat addition can be modeled as heat transfer from a source at 1700oC. Determine (a) The energy transferred from the reservoir and (b) The energy rejected to the
An engine equipped with a single cylinder having a bore of 12 cm and a stroke of 50 cm operates on an Otto cycle. At the beginning of the compression stroke air is at the atmospheric conditions of
An ideal Otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 25oC and 1000oC respectively. Using the IG model, determine (a)
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 98 kPa, 30oC and 766 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the constant-volume heat
An engine equipped with a single cylinder having a bore of 12 cm and a stroke of 50 cm operates on an Otto cycle. At the beginning of the compression stroke air is at 100 kPa, 25oC. The maximum
The temperature at the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 8 is 27oC, the pressure is 101 kPa, and the cylinder volume is 566 cm3. The
The compression ratio of an air standard Otto cycle is 8. Prior to isentropic compression, the air is at 100 kPa, 20oC and 500 cm3. The temperature at the end of combustion process is 900 K.
At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Otto cycle, pressure is 100 kPa, temperature is 16oC, and volume is 300 cm3. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 2000oC and the
The compression ratio in an air standard Otto cycle is 8. At the beginning of the compression stroke, the pressure is 101 kPa and the temperature is 289 K. The heat transfer to the air per cycle is
An air standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9. At the beginning of the compression, pressure is 95 kPa and temperature is 30oC. Heat addition to the air is 1 kJ, and the maximum temperature
An ideal cold air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 20. At the beginning of compression, air is at 95 kPa and 20oC. If the maximum temperature during the cycle is 2000oC, determine
An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and uses nitrogen gas as working fluid. The state of nitrogen gas at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20oC. If the maximum
An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 22 and uses air as working fluid. The state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 22oC. If the maximum temperature in the
At the beginning of the compression process of the standard Diesel cycle, air is at 100 kPa and 298 K. If the maximum pressure and temperature during the cycle are 7 MPa and 2100 K, determine (a)
A four cylinder 3-L (maximum volume per cylinder) diesel engine that operates on an ideal Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18 and a cutoff ratio of 3. Air is at 25oC and 95 kPa at the
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 19, and heat transfer to the working fluid per cycle is 2000 kJ/kg. At the beginning of the compression process the pressure is 105 kPa and the
The displacement volume of an internal combustion engine is 3 L. The processes within each cylinder of the engine are modeled as an air standard Diesel cycle with a cut off ratio of 2. The state of
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and cutoff ratio of 3. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 97 kPa and 30oC. Using the PG model for air, determine (a)
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16 and cutoff ratio of 2. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 100 kPa, 15oC and has a volume of 0.014 m3. Determine (a) The
At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Diesel cycle operating with a compression ratio of 10, the temperature is 25oC and the pressure is 100 kPa. The cutoff ratio of the
The conditions at the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Diesel cycle are 150 kPa and 100oC. The compression ratio is 15 and the heat addition per unit mass is 750 kJ/kg
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 20 and cutoff ratio of 3. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 90 kPa and 20oC. Using the PG model for air, determine (a) The
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 17.9. Air is at 85oF and 15.8 psia at the beginning of the compression process and at 3100oR at the end of the heat addition process.
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18 and cutoff ratio of 3. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 100 kPa and 20oC. Using the PG model for air, determine (a)
An ideal dual cycle has a compression ratio of 14 and uses air as working fluid. The state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 100 kPa and 300 K. The pressure ratio is 1.5 during
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes: (1) 1-2: Isentropic compression from 110 kPa and 30oC to 900 kPa, (2) 2-3: p = constant during
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes: (1) 1-2: v = constant during heat addition from 15 psia and 85oF in the amount of 320 Btu/lbm,
An air standard cycle with a variable specific heats is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes: (1) 1-2: Isentropic compression from 95 kPa and 25oC to 900 kPa,
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 0.001 kg of air and is composed of the following three processes: (1) 1-2: Isentropic compression from 110 kPa and 30oC to 1.1 MPa (2) 2-3: p
An ideal Stirling cycle running on a closed system has air at 200 kPa, 300 K at the beginning of the isothermal compression process. Heat supplied from a source of 1700 K is 800 kJ/kg. Determine (a)
Consider an ideal Stirling cycle engine in which the pressure and temperature at the beginning of the isothermal compression process are 95 kPa, 20oC, the compression ratio is 5, and the maximum
An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the working fluid operates between the temperature limits of 38oC and 850oC and pressure limits of 102 kPa and 1020 kPa. Assuming the mass used in the cycle
Consider an ideal Stirling cycle engine in which the pressure, temperature and volume at the beginning of the isothermal compression process are 100 kPa, 15oC and 0.03 m3, the compression ratio is 8,
Fifty grams of air undergoes a Stirling cycle with a compression ratio of 4. At the beginning of the isothermal process, the pressure and volume are 100 kPa and 0.05 m3, respectively. The temperature
An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the working fluid operates between the temperature limits of 300 K and 1800 K and pressure limits of 150 kPa and 1200 kPa. Assuming the mass used in the cycle
At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard dual cycle with a compression ratio of 18, p = 100 kPa and T = 300 K. The pressure ratio for the constant volume part of the heating
At the beginning of the compression process of a Miller cycle with a compression ratio of 8 air is at 25oC, 101 kPa. The maximum temperature during the cycle is 1600oC. The minimum pressure during
An air standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and a cutoff ratio of 1.5. At the beginning of compression, p1 = 1 bar and T1 = 290 K. The pressure doubles during the constant volume heat
A 3-stroke cycle is executed in a closed system with 1 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) Isentropic compression from 100 kPa, 300 K to 800 kPa, (2) p = constant during
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 0.005 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) Isentropic compression from 200 kPa, 30oC to 2 MPa, (2) p = constant
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 0.001 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) v = constant during heat addition from 95 kPa 20oC to 450 kPa, (2)
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 1 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) Isentropic compression from 100 kPa, 27oC to 700 kPa, (2) p = constant
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 1 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) Isentropic compression from 100 kPa, 27oC to 700 kPa, (2) p = constant
A Carnot cycle running on a closed system has 1 kg of air and executes 20 cycles every second. The temperature limits are 300 K and 1000 K, and the pressure limits are 20 kPa and 1900 kPa.
Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed system with 0.5 kg of air. The temperature limits are 50oC and 750oC, and the pressure limits are 15 kPa and 1700 kPa. Heat addition takes place from a
In problem 7-3-2 [OIW], (a) Perform a complete energy inventory and draw an energy flow diagram for the cycle on unit mass basis (kJ/kg). Assume the heat addition to take place from a reservoir at
A four-stroke IC engine with 4 cylinders operates at 3000 rpm in an air standard Otto cycle. Data for a single cylinder are given as follows. The compression ratio is 8.7. Prior to the isentropic
For each process in problem 7-3-15 [OLK] , (a) Develop an energy inventory on a rate basis (in kW) and draw an energy flow diagram for the cycle, and (b) Determine the energetic efficiency of the
A four cylinder, four-stroke 3-L (maximum volume per cylinder) diesel engine that operates at 1500 rpm on an ideal Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18 and a cutoff ratio of 3. Air is at 25oC
In problem 7-4-15 [OGR] assume that heat is added from a reservoir at 1800oC and the atmospheric conditions are 100 kPa and 20oC. (a) Determine the process that carries the biggest penalty in terms
In problem 7-5-8 [OGL] assume that heat is added from a reservoir at 2000oC and the atmospheric conditions are 100 kPa and 27oC. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency (ηth) and (b) Energetic
Air enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 25oC, with a volumetric flow rate of 8 m3/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 12. The turbine inlet temperature is 1100oC.
Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Brayton cycle that has a pressure ratio of 12, a compressor inlet temperature of 310 K, and a turbine inlet temperature of 900 K. DetermineThe
A gas turbine power plant operates on the simple Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid and delivers 10 MW of power. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 K and 1100 K, and
Air enters the compressor of a simple gas turbine at 100 kPa, 25oC, with a volumetric flow rate of 6 m3/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10 and its isentropic efficiency is 80%. The turbine inlet
Air enters the compressor of a simple gas turbine at 95 kPa, 310 K, where it is compressed to 800 kPa. Heat is transferred to air in the amount of 1000 kJ/kg before it enters the turbine. For a
Air enters the compressor of a simple gas turbine at 0.1 MPa, 300 K. The pressure ratio is 9 and the maximum temperature is 1000 K. The turbine process is divided into two stages each with a pressure
Repeat problem 8-1-14 [OZF] for the net output per kg of air, assuming the pressure ratio of the first stage turbine before reheat to be (a) 7, (b) 5, (c) 3, (d) 2. (e) Use a T-s diagram to
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