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engineering
mechanical engineering
Questions and Answers of
Mechanical Engineering
Estimate the Joule-Thomson coefficient (μJ) of nitrogen at (a) 200 psia, 500oR (b) 2000 psia, 400oR.
For β > = 0, prove that at every point of a single-phase region of an h-s diagram, the slope of a constant-pressure (p = constant) line is greater than the slope of a constant temperature (T =
Starting with the relation dh = Tds + vdp, show that the slope of a constant pressure line a h-s diagram (a) Is constant in the saturation region (b) Increases with temperature in the superheated
Derive relation for (a) Δu (b) Δh (c) Δs of a gas that obeys the equation of state (p + a/v2) v = RT for an isothermal process.
Show that cv = - T(∂v/∂T)s (∂p/∂T)v, and cp = T(∂p/∂T)s (∂v/∂T)P.
Determine the change in Enthalpy (Δh) and Entropy (Δs) of nitrogen as it undergoes a change of state from 200 K and 6 MPa to 300 K and 10 MPa by treating nitrogen as a perfect gas. What-if
An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of N2 and 0.2 kg of CO2 at 300 K and 100 kPa. The gas mixture is now compressed is entropically to a pressure of 1000 kPa. Determine The final
A rigid tank contains 3 m3 of argon at - 100oC and 1 MPa. Heat is transferred until the temperature rises to 0oC. Determine (a) The final pressure (p2) and (b) The mass of argon, (c) Heat
A 0.5 m3 well-insulated rigid tank contains oxygen at 200 K and 9 MPa. A paddle wheel placed in the tank is turned on, and the temperature of the oxygen rises to 240 K. Determine (a) The final
A closed, rigid, insulated vessel having a volume of 0.15 m3 contains oxygen initially at 10 MPa and 280 K. The oxygen is stirred by a paddle wheel until pressure increases to 15 MPa. Stirring ceases
Steam is throttled from 10 MPa, 400oC to 3 MPa. If the ambient temperature is 25oC, determine The change in temperature (ΔT) and The irreversibility for a flow rate of 1 kg/s. Use the real gas
Oxygen is throttled from 10 MPa, 400 K to 2 MPa. Using the RG model (L-K charts), determine: The change in temperature (ΔT).
Nitrogen gas enters a turbine at 7 MPa, 500 K, 100 m/s and leaves at 1 MPa, 300 K, 150 m/s at a flow rate (m) of 2 kg/s. Heat is being lost to the surroundings at 25oC at a rate of 100 kW. Determine
Nitrogen gas enters a turbine operating at steady state at 10 MPa, 26oC with a mass flow rate (m) of 1 kg/s and exits at 4 MPa, - 28oC. Using the RG model (N-O charts) and ignoring the heat transfer
Methane at 9.3 MPa, 300 K enters the turbine operating at steady state at a mass flow rate (m) of 1 kg/s, expands adiabatically through a 6:1 pressure ratio, and exits at 225 K. KE and PE effects are
Argon gas enters a turbine operating at steady state at 10 MPa, 51oC with a mass flow rate (m) of 1 kg/s and expands adiabatically to 4 MPa, - 35oC with no change in KE or PE. Using the RG model (N-O
Calculate Δv, Δu, Δh, and Δs for the following change of state of superheated steam: State-1: p1= 2 MPa, saturated vapor; State-2: p2= 33 kPa, 400oC. Compare the following models: (a) PC
Air (79% N2 and 21% O2 by volume) is compressed isothermally at 500 K from 4 MPa to 8 MPa in a steady-flow compressor at a rate of 5 kg/s. Assuming no irreversibilities, determine the power input to
Methane is compressed adiabatically by a steady flow compressor from 3 MPa and - 15oC to 10 MPa and 100oC at a rate of 0.9 kg/s. Determine the power input (Wext) to the compressor. Use the real gas
Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic nozzle at 10 MPa, 450 K with a low velocity and leaves at 3 MPa, 350 K. Using the RG model (N-O charts), determine (a) the exit velocity (V2).
An adiabatic 1 m3 rigid tank is initially evacuated. It is filled to a pressure of 10 MPa from a supply line that carries nitrogen at 275 K and 10 MPa. Determine (a) The final temperature (T2) (b)
Oxygen enters a nozzle operating at steady state at 6 MPa, 300 K, 1 m/s and expands isentropically to 3 MPa. Using the RG model (L-K charts), determine (a) The exit temperature (T2) (b) The exit
One kmol of argon at 320 K is initially confined to one side of a rigid, insulated container divided into equal volumes of 0.2 m3 by a partition. The other side is initially evacuated. The partition
Ex: 11-9 Nitrogen at 10 MPa and 150 K flows steadily through a tube with a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 1 kg/s, receiving heat from the surroundings at 300 K. At the end of the tube it enters an
Methane is isothermally and reversibly compressed by a piston-cylinder device from 1 MPa, 100oC to 4 MPa. Using the Lee-Kesler RG model, calculate The work done (wB) and Heat transfer per unit mass
A cylindrical tank contains 4.0 kg of carbon monoxide at - 45oC has an inner diameter of 0.2 m and a length of 1 m. Using the RG model (L-K charts), determine the pressure exerted by the gas.
Methane is adiabatically compressed by a piston-cylinder device from 1 MPa, 100oC to 4 MPa. Calculate The work done per unit mass (wB). Assume the adiabatic efficiency to be 90%. Use the real gas
Propane is compressed isothermally by a piston-cylinder device from 1.5 MPa, 90oC to 4 MPa. Using the Nelson-Obert charts, determine (include sign) (a) The work done (wB) and (b) The heat transfer
Methane is isothermally compressed by a piston-cylinder device from 1 MPa, 100oC to 4 MPa. Calculate The entropy generation (sgen) and The irreversibility associated with the process if the ambient
A piston-cylinder device contains 2 kg of H2 and 14 kg of O2 at 150 K and 5000 kPa. Heat is then transferred until the mixture expands at constant pressure (why does the pressure remain constant?)
A piston-cylinder device contains 1 lbm of O2 and 9 lbm of N2 at 300oR and 900 psia. The gas mixture is now heated at constant pressure to 400oR. Determine The heat transfer (Q) during the expansion
A gas mixture contains 5 kg of N2 and 10 kg of O2. Determine The average molar mass and Gas constant.
An insulated rigid tank is divided into two compartments by a partition. One compartment contains 8 kg of oxygen gas at 42oC and 100 kPa, and the other compartment contains 4 kg of nitrogen gas at
An insulated rigid tank is divided into two compartments by a partition. One compartment contains 4 kmol of O2, and the other compartment contains 5 kmol of CO2. Both gases are initially at 25oC and
An insulated rigid tank is divided into two compartments by a partition. One compartment contains 0.2 kmol of CO2 at 26oC, 180 kPa and the other compartment contains 3 kmol of H2 gas at 37oC, 340
A rigid insulated tank is divided into two compartments by a membrane. One compartment contains 0.3 kmol of CO2 at 25oC and 100 kPa, and the other compartment contains 4 kmol of H2 gas at 40oC and
Two rigid, insulated tanks are interconnected by a valve. Initially 0.79 kmol of nitrogen at 200 kPa and 255 K fills one tank. The other tank contains 0.21 kmol of oxygen at 100 kPa and 300 K. The
1.1 m3 rigid tank is divided into two equal compartments by a partition. One compartment contains Ne at 22oC and 120 kPa, and the other compartment contains Ar at 50oC and 200 kPa. The partition is
A rigid tank that contains 3 kg of N2 at 25oC and 250 kPa is connected to another rigid tank that contains 2 kg of O2 at 25oC and 450 kPa. The valve connecting the two tanks is opened, and the two
An insulated rigid tank that contains 1 kg of CO2 at 100 kPa and 25oC and is connected to another insulated rigid tank that contains 1 kg of H2 at 200 kPa and 500oC. The valve connecting the two
N2 at 100 kPa, 30oC with a flow rate of 100 m3/min is mixed with CO2 at 200oC, 100 kPa with a flow rate of 50 m3/min. Determine (a) The final temperature (T2) and (b) Rate of generation of entropy
An equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrogen enters a compressor operating at steady state at 10 bar, 220 K with a mass flow rate (m⋅) of 1 kg/s. The mixture exits the compressor at 60 bar, 400 K
A tank contains 3 kmol N2 and 7 kmol of CO2 gases at 25oC, 10 MPa. Based on ideal gas equation of state, determine (a) The average molar mass and (b) Volume () of the tank.
A mixture of 0.5 kg of carbon dioxide and 0.3 kg of nitrogen is compressed from 100 kPa, 300 K to 300 kPa in a polytropic process for which n = 1.25. Determine (a) The final temperature (T2) (b) The
Helium at 200 kPa, 20oC is heated by mixing it with argon at 200 kPa, 500oC in an adiabatic chamber. Helium enters the chamber at 2 kg/s and argon at 0.5 kg/s. If the mixture leaves at 200 kPa,
Repeat problem 11-3-21 with argon entering the chamber at the same temperature as helium (all other conditions remaining the same). Problem 11-3-21 Helium at 200 kPa, 20oC is heated by mixing it with
Repeat problem 11-3-22 with argon replaced by neon, entering the chamber at the same temperature as helium (all other conditions remaining the same). Problem 11-3-22 Helium at 200 kPa, 20oC is heated
Repeat problem 11-3-21 with the hot gas argon replaced by neon (all other conditions remaining the same). Problem 11-3-21 Helium at 200 kPa, 20oC is heated by mixing it with argon at 200 kPa, 500oC
Hydrogen at 100 kPa, 25oC is mixed with oxygen in an adiabatic mixing chamber. The flow rate of hydrogen is 2 kmol/s and that of oxygen is 1 kmol/s. If the mixture leaves the chamber at 100 kPa,
An insulated rigid tank that contains 1 kg of H2 at 25oC and 100 kPa is connected to another insulated rigid tank that contains 1 kg of He at 25oC and 100 kPa. The valve connecting the two tanks is
An insulated rigid tank that contains 1 kg of O2 at 25oC and 500 kPa is connected to another insulated rigid tank that contains 1 kg of O2 at 25oC and 1000 kPa. The valve connecting the two tanks is
An insulated rigid tank that contains 1 kg of CO2 at 300 K and 500 kPa is connected to another insulated rigid tank that contains 1 kg of CO2 at 400 K and 500 kPa. The valve connecting the two tanks
Carbon-dioxide at 100 kPa, 25oC enters an adiabatic mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s is mixed with hydrogen entering at 100 kPa and 25oC. Plot the entropy generated per unit mass of the
A gas mixture consists of 9 kmol H2 and 2 kmol of N2. Determine (a) The mass of each gas and (b) The apparent gas constant of the mixture.
Repeat problem 11-3-29 with a completely different pair of gases. Can you come up with a generalized mixing criterion that maximizes entropy generation per unit mass or mole? Problem
Argon at 100 kPa, 600 K enters an adiabatic mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s is mixed with nitrogen entering at 100 kPa, 600 K and 1 kg/s. (a) Determine the entropy generated per unit
Repeat problem 11-3-31 with a completely different pair of gases. Can you come up with a generalized mixing curve where data from different pairs fall on the same line as far as entropy generation is
Argon at 1000 kPa, 300 K enters an adiabatic mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s is mixed with nitrogen entering at 1000 kPa, 300 K and 1 kg/s. (a) Determine the entropy generated per unit
Repeat problem 11-3-33 with a completely different pair of gases. Can you come up with a generalized mixing curve where data from different pairs fall on the same line as far as effect of pressure on
A rigid tank contains 4 kmol O2 and 5 kmol of CO2 gases at 18oC, 100 kPa. Determine (a) the volume () of the tank.
A mixture of CO2 and water vapor is at 100 kPa, 200oC. As the mixture is cooled at a constant pressure, water vapor begins to condense when the temperature reaches 70oC. Determine The mole fraction
A 0.4 m3 rigid tank contains 0.4 kg N2 and 0.7 kg of O2 gases at 350 K. Determine (a) The partial pressure of each gas and (b) The total pressure (p) of the mixture.
A 1 kmol mixture of CO2 and C2H6 (ethane) occupies a volume of 0.2 m3 at a temperature of 410 K. The mole fraction of CO2 is 0.3. Using the RG model (Kay's rule), determine the mixture pressure.
A mixture consisting of 0.18 kmol of methane and 0.274 kmol of butane occupies a volume of 0.3 m3 at a temperature of 240oC. Using the IG model, determine the pressure exerted by the mixture.
Determine the mass of 1 m3 air (N2: 79% and O2: 21% by volume) at 10 MPa and 160 K, assuming air as a perfect gas mixture.
Moist air at 12oC and 80% R.H. enters a duct at a rate of 150 m3/min. The mixture is heated until it exits at 35oC. The pressure remains constant at 100 kPa.Determine (a) The relative humidity at
An air conditioning system is to take in air at 1 atm, 32oC, 65% relative humidity and deliver it at 22oC, 40% relative humidity. Air flows first over the cooling coils, where it is cooled and
A saturated stream of carbon dioxide enters a dehumidifier with a flow rate of 100 m3/min at 39oC, 100 kPa. The mixture is cooled to 10oC by circulating cold water before being electrically heated
Repeat problem 12-2-13 [ODD] above assuming the gas mixture to be composed of dry air and water vapor.
Moist air with dry and wet bulb temperatures of 20oC and 9oC, respectively, enters a steam-spray humidifier at rate of 100 kg of dry air/min. Saturated water vapor at 110oC is injected at 1 kg/min.
Air at 110oF and 10% R.H. enters an evaporative cooler at a flow rate of 5500 ft3/min. Air leaves at 70oF. Determine (a) The mass flow rate of water and (b) The exit R.H. Assume the pressure (1
Air enters an evaporative cooler at 1 atm, 38oC and 15% relative humidity at a rate of 5 m3/min, and it leaves with a relative humidity of 80%. Determine (a) The exit temperature (T2) of the air,
Air enters an evaporative cooler at 1 atm, 34oC and 20% relative humidity at a rate of 8 m3/min, and it leaves at 21oC. Determine (a) The the final relative humidity and (b) The amount of water
Air at 1 atm, 13oC and 55 percent relative humidity is first heated to 28oC in a heating section and then is passed through an evaporative cooler where its temperature drops to 22oC. Determine (a)
Air enters a heating section at 100 kPa, 9oC, 45% relative humidity at rate of 10m3/min, and it leaves at 22oC. Determine (a) The relative humidity at the exit. (b) The rate of heat transfer in the
Determine the adiabatic saturation temperature of air at 100 kPa, 30oC and 50% relative humidity.
A 150 m3/min stream of air at 30oC and 65% R.H. is mixed with a 50 m3/min stream of air at 5oC and 90% R.H. in an adiabatic mixing chamber. Determine (a) The R.H. at the exit. Assume pressure to be
Two airstreams are mixed steadily and adiabatically. The first stream enters at 28oC and 35% relative humidity at rate of 15 m3/min, while the second stream enters at 10oC and 90% of relative
During an air conditioning process 50 m3/min of conditioned air at 15oC and 33% relative humidity is mixed adiabatically with 10 m3/min of outside air at 32oC and 80% relative humidity at pressure of
During an air conditioning process 800 ft3/min of conditioned air at 60oF and 40% relative humidity is mixed adiabatically with 200 ft3/min of outside air at 84oF and 85% relative humidity at
A stream of warm air with a dry-bulb temperature of 38oC and wet-bulb of 30oC is mixed adiabatically with a stream of saturated cool air at 15oC. The dry mass flow rates of the warm and cool air
Cooling water leaves the condenser of a power plant and enters a wet cooling tower at 35oC at a rate of 100 kg/s. The water is cooled to 22oC in the cooling tower by air which enters the tower at 100
The cooling water from the condenser of a power plant enters a wet cooling tower at 45oC at a rate of 40 kg/s. The water is cooled to 22oC in the cooling tower by air which enters the tower at 1 atm,
The cooling water from the condenser of a power plant enters a wet cooling tower at 105oF at a rate of 90 lbm/s. The water is cooled to 85oF in the cooling tower by air which enters the tower at 1
A wet cooling tower is to cool 50 kg/s of water from 38oC to 24oC. Atmospheric air enters the tower at 1 atm with dry and wet-bulb temperatures of 20oC and 15oC, respectively, and leaves at 32oC with
A heating section consists of a 30 cm diameter duct which houses a 6 kW electric resistance heater. Air enters the heating section at 1 atm, 15oC and 33% relative humidity at velocity 8.5 m/s.
A wet cooling tower is to cool 100 kg/s of cooling water from 45oC to 24oC at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 94 kPa. Atmospheric air enters the tower at 18oC and 65% relative humidity
A heating section consists of a 10 inch diameter duct which houses a 8 kW electric resistance heater. Air enters the heating section at 14.7 psia, 40oF and 35% relative humidity at a velocity of 21
Air enters a 30 cm diameter cooling section at 1 atm, 35oC and 40% relative humidity at 35 m/s. Heat is removed from the air at a rate of 1400 kJ/min. Determine (a) The exit temperature (T2), (b)
Air at 1 atm, 13oC and 50% relative humidity is first heated to 18oC in a heating section and then humidified by introducing saturated water vapor at 1 atm. Air leaves the humidifying section at 22oC
An air conditioning system operates at a total pressure of 1 atm consists of a heating section and humidifier which supplies wet steam (saturated water vapor) at 1 atm. Air enters the heating section
Moist air at 40oC and 90% R.H. enters a dehumidifier at a rate of 300 m3/min. The condensate and the saturated air exit at 10oC through separate exits. The pressure remains constant at 100 kPa.
Air enters a window air conditioner at 1 atm, 36oC and 75% relative humidity at a rate of 12m3/min and it leaves as saturated air at 18oC. Part of the moisture in the air which condenses during the
Consider 100 m3 of moist air at 100 kPa, 35oC and 80% R.H. Calculate (a) The amount of water vapor condensed if the mixture is cooled to 5oC in a constant pressure process. Also calculate (b) The
Calculate (a) The amount of water vapor condensed if the mixture in previous example is cooled to 5oC in a constant volume process. Also calculate (b) The heat transfer (Q).
A tank of volume 10 m3 contains dry air and water vapor mixture at 40oC and 100 kPa at a relative humidity of 90%. The tank is cools down to 10oC by transferring heat to the surroundings. Determine
A 50 m3 insulated chamber containing air at 40oC, 100 kPa and R.H. 20% is connected to another 50 m3 insulated chamber containing air at 20oC, 100 kPa and R.H. 100%. The valve is opened and the
A 50 m3 insulated chamber containing air at 5oC, 100 kPa and R.H. 100% is connected to another 50 m3 insulated chamber containing air at 22oC, 100 kPa and R.H. 100%. The valve is opened and the
Methane is burned with the theoretical amount of air during a combustion process. Assuming complete combustion, determine the air-fuel ratio on. (a) Mass basis, (b) Mole basis. (c) Volume basis.
Octane, C8H18, is burned with theoretical amount of air at 500 kPa. Determine (a) The air fuel ratio on a mole basis. (b) The air fuel ratio on a mass basis. (c) IF the products are cooled at a
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