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engineering
mechanical engineering
Questions and Answers of
Mechanical Engineering
Methane, CH4, is burned with dry air. The molar analysis of the products on a dry basis is CO2: 8%; CO: 1%; O2: 3%; and N2: 77.11%. Determine. (a) The air fuel ratio on both a molar and a mass
A natural gas has the following molar analysis. CH4: 81.62%; C2H6: 4.41%; C3H8: 1.85%; C4H10: 1.62%; N2: 10.50%. The gas is burned with dry air, giving products having a molar analysis on a dry
One kmol of ethane (C2H6) is burned with unknown amount of air during a combustion process. An analysis of the combustion products reveals that the combustion is complete, and there are 3 kmol of
Coal from Kentucky has the following analysis on a dry basis, percent by mass. S: 0.8%; H2: 5.4%; C: 80.1%; O2: 9.5%; N2: 1.2%; Ash: 3%. This coal is burned with 40% excess air. Determine the. (a)
Coal with a mass analysis of 79% carbon, 5% sulfur and 17% noncombustible ash burns completely with 110% of theoretical air. Determine. The amount of SO2 produced, in kg per kg of coal.
Diesel (dodecane) is burned with air at an air-fuel ratio of 30 kg of air/kg fuel. Determine the percent of theoretical air (λ) used.
Octane (C8H18 in gaseous form) is burned with dry air. The volumetric analysis of the products on a dry basis is 8.86% CO2, 0.662% CO, 7.51% O2 and 82.978% N2. Determine (a) The air-fuel ratio. (b)
Analysis of the dry exhaust products from a burner which uses natural gas and air reads 5% O2 and 9% CO2. Find the excess air used in this burner.
One kmol of ethane (C2H6) is burned with an unknown amount of air. If the combustion is assumed complete and there are 2 kmol of free O2 in the products, determine. (a) The percent theoretical air
Acetylene (C2H2) is burned with the stoichiometric amount of air during a combustion process. Assuming complete combustion, determine. (a) The air-fuel ratio on a mass basis. (b) The air-fuel ratio
Producer gas from bituminous coal has the following analysis on molar basis. CH4: 3%; H: 14%; N2: 50.9%; O2: 0.6%; CO: 27%; CO2: 4.5%. It is burned with 30% excess air. Determine the air-fuel ratio
A fuel mixture having a molar analysis of 70% CH4, 20% CO, 5% O2 and 5% N2 burns completely with 130% of theoretical air. Determine (a) The air-fuel ratio on a mass. (b) Mole basis.
Octane (C8H18) is burned with dry air. The volumetric analysis of the products on a dry basis is 10.02% CO2, 0.88% CO, 5.62% O2 and 83.48% N2. Determine (a) The air-fuel ratio. (b) The percentage of
A fuel mixture having a molar analysis of 65% CH4, 25% C2H6, 10% N2 is supplied to a furnace where it burns completely with 120% of theoretical air. Determine. (a) The air-fuel ratio on a mass
A dry analysis of products in the combustion of coal yields 9.7% CO2, 0.5% CO, 2.95% O2 and the rest N2 by volume. Determine the percent theoretical air (λ) used in the reaction. The equivalent
Carbon is burned with dry air. The volumetric analysis of the products produces 10.06 percent CO2, 0.42 percent CO, and 10.69 percent O2 (and the rest N2). Determine. (a) The air-fuel ratio on a mass
Octane (C8H18) is burned with theoretical amount of air at a pressure of 500 kPa. Determine (a) The air fuel ratio on a mole basis. (b) The air fuel ratio on a mass basis. (c) If the products are
A coal sample has a mass analysis of 76.39% carbon, 4.2% hydrogen (H2), 5.32% oxygen (O2), 1.63% nitrogen (N2), 1.5% sulfur and the rest is ash. For complete combustion with 120% of the theoretical
A fuel mixture with the molar analysis 75% CH4, 15% CO, 5% O2 and 5% N2 burns completely with 10% excess air in a reactor operating at steady state. If the molar flow rate of fuel is 0.2 kmol/h,
For a theoretical (stoichiometric) hydrogen-air reaction at 200 kPa, find (a) The fuel-to-air mass ratio. (b) The mass of fuel per unit mass of reactants. (c) The partial pressure of water vapor in
One kmol of octane (C8H18) is burned with air that contains 21 kmol of O2. Assuming the products contain only 1) CO2, 2) H2O, 3) O2 and 4) N2, determine the. (a) Mole number of each gas in the
Ethane (C2H6) is burned with 30% excess air during a combustion process. Assuming complete combustion and a total pressure of 100 kPa, determine. (a) The air-fuel ratio. (b) The dew point temperature
One kmol of methane (CH4) is burned with an unknown amount of air. If the combustion is assumed complete and there are 2 kmol of free O2 in the products, determine. (a) The percent theoretical air
Determine the air-fuel ratio for hydrogen (H2) burning with (a) 50% excess air. (b) 50% deficient air.
Determine the air-fuel ratio on a mass basis for the complete combustion of octane, C8H18, with (a) The theoretical amount of air. (b) What-if Scenario: What would the theoretical amount of air be if
Octane, C8H18, is burned with 150% theoretical air, determine the (a) Molar analysis of the products of combustion. (b) The dew point of the products if the pressure is 0.1 MPa.
Gaseous ethane (C2H6) and 300% excess oxygen at 25oC, 100 kPa react in a steady-flow reaction chamber. The products exits at 3000 K. Determine the amount of heat transfer (q) per kg of ethane.
Determine the adiabatic flame temperature (Taf) for octane (C8H18) burning with 20% excess air. The inlet conditions are 100 kPa, and 298 K. Use the IG model.
Benzene gas (C6H6) at 25oC is burned during a steady flow combustion process with 90% theoretical air that enters the combustion chamber at 25oC. All the hydrogen in the fuel burns to H2O, but part
Methane (CH4) enters a furnace at 100 kPa and 300 K. It is burned with 25% excess air that also enters at 300 K and 100 kPa. Assuming the exhaust temperature to be 500 K and the heat transfer load to
Methane (CH4) enters a steady flow adiabatic combustion chamber at 100 kPa and 25oC. It is burned with 100% excess air that also enters at 25oC and 100 kPa. Assuming complete combustion, determine
Liquid octane (C8H18) enters the combustion chamber of a gas turbine steadily at 100 kPa, 25oC, and it is burned with air that enters the combustion chamber at the same state. Disregarding any
Methane gas at 450 K and 100 kPa enters a combustion chamber, where it burns steady and completely with theoretical amount of air entering at 500 K and 100 kPa. The products of combustion gas exit at
Ethene (C2H4) at 25oC and 1 atm is burned with 300% excess air at 25oC and 1 atm. Assuming that this reaction takes place reversibly at 25oC and that the products leave at 25oC and 1 atm. Determine
Consider the same combustion process as in above problem *13-2-17 [OWE], but let it takes place adiabatically. Assume that each constituent in the product is at 1 atm and at the adiabatic flame
Ethylene (C2H4) at 25oC and 1 atm is burned with 300% excess air at 25oC and 1 atm. Assuming that this reaction takes place adiabatically at 25oC and that the products leave at 25oC and 1 atm.
In a combustion chamber, propane (C3H8) is burned at a rate of 5 kg/h with air enters at a rate of 140 kg/h. Determine (a) The percent of excess air used, if the reactants enter at 25oC, also
Liquid propane (C3H8) enters a combustion chamber at 25oC, 100 kPa at a rate of 0.5 kg/min where it is mixed and burned with 150% theoretical air which enters at 10oC. Only 90% of C is converted to
Liquid octane enters an internal combustion engine operating at steady state with a mass flow rate of 0.0018 kg/s and is mixed with the theoretical amount of air. The fuel and air enter the engine at
Octane (C8H18) at 24oC and 100 kPa enters well insulated reactor and reacts at the same temperature and pressure. For steady state operation and negligible effects of KE and PE, determine the
Ethylene (C2H4) enters an adiabatic combustion chamber at 25oC, 1 atm and is burned with 40% excess air that enters at 25oC, 1 atm. The combustion is complete, and the products leave the combustion
Calculate the enthalpy of combustion (ΔhoC) of gaseous methane, in kJ per kg of fuel, (a) At 25oC, 100 kPa with water vapor in the products, (b) At 25oC, 100 kPa with liquid water in the products.
Ethylene burns with 50% excess air, both entering at 25oC, 100 kPa and the product exiting at the same temperature and pressure. Determine (a) The lower heating value, (b) The higher heating value
Propane burns with theoretical amount air, both entering at 25oC, 100 kPa and the product exiting at the same temperature and pressure. Determine (a) The lower heating value (LHV) and (b) The
Octane gas (C8H18) at 25oC is burned steadily with 50% excess air at 25oC, 100 kPa and 40% relative humidity. Assuming combustion is complete and the products leave the combustion chamber at 800 K,
Liquid octane (C8H18) enters an internal combustion engine operating at steady state with a mass flow rate of 0.002 kg/s and is mixed with 10% excess air. Fuel and air enter the engine at 25oC, 1 atm
Liquid octane (C8H18) enters an internal combustion engine operating at steady state with a mass flow rate of 0.002 kg/s and is mixed with 20% excess air. Fuel and air enter the engine at 25oC, 1 atm
Calculate the higher heating value (HHV) of methane (CH4) per unit mass of fuel at (a) 298 K, and (b) 500 K.
Repeat problem *13-2-29 [OWF] for 10% excess air. (b) What-if Scenario: What would the answer be if the reactor pressure were 50 atm? Problme 29 Liquid octane (C8H18) enters an internal combustion
Repeat problem *13-2-29 [OWF] for 10% deficient air. Problem 29 Liquid octane (C8H18) enters an internal combustion engine operating at steady state with a mass flow rate of 0.002 kg/s and is mixed
Octane (C8H18) at 25oC, 100 kPa enters a combustion chamber and reacts with 100% theoretical air entering at the same conditions. Determine the adiabatic flame temperature assuming the complete
Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of propane (C3H8) at 25oC on a mass basis.
In an adiabatic combustion chamber, methane (CH4) is burned at a rate of 1 kg/s with 1 kg/s of oxygen with both the fuel and oxidizer entering the chamber separately at 100 kPa and 300 K. Determine
Hydrogen (H2) at 10oC is burned with 30% excess air that is also at 10oC during an adiabatic steady flow combustion process. Assuming complete combustion, Determine the exit temperature of the
Methane gas at 350 K and 1 atm enters a combustion chamber, where it is mixed with air entering at 550 K and 1 atm. The products of combustion exit at 1500 K and 1 atm with the product analysis
Diesel fuel is burned with 25% excess air in a steady-state combustor. Both fuel and air enters at 77oF the products leave at 800oR. Assuming complete combustion, determine (a) The mass flow rate
Gasoline enters a combustion chamber at 1 atm, 298 K at a rate of 0.09 kg/min where it burns steadily and completely with 70% excess air that enters the chamber at 1 atm, 200 K. If the exit
Rigid tank contains a mixture of 1 lbm of methane gas and 5 lbm of O2 at 77oF and 25 psia. Upon ignition, the contents of the tank burns completely. If the final temperature is 1500oR, determine (a)
An adiabatic constant volume tank contains a mixture of 1 kmol of hydrogen (H2) gas and the stoichiometric amount of air at 25oC and 1 atm. The contents of the tank are now ignited. Assuming complete
Consider the same combustion process as in 13-2-17 [OWE], but assume that the reactants consists of a mixture at 1 atm, 25oC and that the product also consist of a mixture at 1 atm, 25oC. Determine
A 10 m3 insulated rigid tank contains a mixture of 1 kmol of octane (liquid) and the theoretical amount of air at 25oC. The contents are ignited and the mixture burns completely. Determine the final
A mixture of 1 kmol of gaseous methane and 2 kmol of oxygen initially at 298 K and 100 kPa burns completely in a closed, rigid container. Heat transfer occurs until the products are cooled to 1000 K.
A constant-volume tank contains 1 kmol of methane (CH4) gas and 3 kmol of O2 at 25oC and 100 kPa. The contents of the tank are ignited, and the methane gas burns completely. If the final temperature
Ethane (C2H6) is burned with 200% theoretical air at 500 kPa. Assuming complete combustion at constant pressure, determine (a) The air-fuel ratio and (b) The dew point temperature of the products.
A closed combustion chamber is designed so that it maintains a constant pressure (p) of 120 kPa during the combustion process. The combustion chamber has an initial volume of 0.6 m3 and contains a
A constant volume tank contains a mixture of 1 kmol of benzene (C6H6) gas and 20% excess air at 25oC and 1 atm. The contents of the tank are now ignited, and all hydrogen in the fuel burns to H2O but
A constant volume tank contains a mixture of 150 g of methane (CH4) gas and 750 g air at 25oC, 150 kPa. The contents of the tank are now ignited, and the methane gas burns completely. If the final
One kmol of gaseous ethylene (C2H4) and 4 kmol of oxygen at 25oC react in a constant volume bomb. Heat is transferred until the products are cooled to 800 K. Determine the amount of heat transfer (Q)
A 2 kg copper block at 100oC is brought in thermal contact with a 5 kg copper block at 50oC. Treating the combined system as an isolated system, show that at equilibrium the entropy (S) of the
Determine the chemical potential (molar specific Gibbs function) of pure hydrogen at 100 kPa, 300 K, (b) 1000 kPa, 300 K, and (c) 100 kPa, 3000 K. Verify your answers using the n-IG system state
Use the n-IG system state TESTcalc to (a) determine the chemical potential (k) of hydrogen in an equimolar mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at 100 kPa and 300 K. Plot how the chemical
Oxygen is produced at 100 kPa and 298 K at a rate of 1 kg/s from air (21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen by volume). If the device works by raising the pressure of the mixture on one side of a semipermeable
Hydrogen is produced at 100 kPa and 298 K from a mixture of hydrogen and methane containing 10% hydrogen and 90% methane by volume. If the device has an energetic efficiency of 20%. Determine the
An isolated cylindrical container is separated into two chambers separated by a pinned piston. The left chamber contains 0.1 kg of H2 at 200 kPa, 20oC and the right chamber contains 0.2 kg of He at
Since the beginning of atomic age, it is a practice to store uranium as gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF6, molar mass: 352 kg/kmol) in abandoned oil wells. The gas at the top of a 2 km deep well was
A mixture of hydrogen and uranium hexafluoride (UF6, molar mass: 352 kg/kmol) is stored in an abandoned oil well (in spherical chambers radioactive uranium can become critical leading to nuclear
Hydrogen is produced at 100 kPa and 298 K at a rate of 1 kg/s from a mixture of hydrogen and methane containing 20% hydrogen and 80% methane by volume. If the device works by raising the pressure of
An ideal gas mixture contains 9 kmol of argon and 1 kmol of helium at a total pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 25oC. Determine the chemical potential (k) of argon and helium in the mixture.
Determine the chemical potential (molar specific Gibbs function (k)) of pure oxygen at 100 kPa, 300 K, (b) 1000 kPa, 300 K, and (c) 100 kPa, 3000 K. Verify your answers using the n-IG system state
A membrane permeable to oxygen separates pure oxygen at 100kPa, 300 K from an ideal gas mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen of equal volume fractions at 300K. What is the minimum pressure (p)
A two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of R-134a is in equilibrium at 22oC. Show that the specific Gibbs functions of the saturated liquid and saturated vapor are equal.
What is the maximum number of phases that can stay in equilibrium when the system has (a) one component, (b) two components, (c) four components.
Consider a glass of water in a room at 20oC and 100 kPa. If the relative humidity in the room is 100%, and the water and air are in thermal and phase equilibrium, determine (a) The mole fraction of
Water is sprayed into air at 75oF and 14.3 psia, and the falling water droplets are collected in a container on the floor. Determine (a) Mole fractions of air dissolved in the water. (b) The mass
A mixture of 1 kmol of H2 and 1 kmol of Ar is heated in a reaction chamber at a constant pressure of 1 atm until 15% of H2 dissociates into monatomic hydrogen (H). Determine the final temperature
Carbon monoxide at 300 K, 1 atm reacts with theoretical amount of air at 300 K and 1 atm in a chamber. An equilibrium mixture of CO2, CO, O2 and N2 exits the chamber at 1 atm. Determine the
Derive an expression for estimating the pressure (p) at which graphite and diamond exist in equilibrium at 300 K and 100 kPa in terms of the specific Gibbs function.
In a closed chamber at 30oC, 100 kPa, liquid water is in equilibrium with water vapor and dry air. Assuming air does not dissolve in water, determine (a) the partial pressure of water vapor (a)
Consider a two-phase, liquid-vapor NH3-H2O system in equilibrium at 30oC. The mole fraction of ammonia in the liquid phase is 80%. Determine the pressure (p) in kPa and the mole fraction of ammonia
Consider a two-phase, liquid-vapor NH3-H2O system in equilibrium at 40oC, 150 kPa. Determine the mole fractions of ammonia in the liquid and vapor phases. Use Raoult's law.
In a closed chamber at 10oC and 100 kPa, liquid water is in equilibrium with water vapor and dry air. Assuming air does not dissolve in water, determine (a) The partial pressure of water vapor using
Fresh water is to be extracted at a rate of 100 L/s from brackish water at 15oC with a salinity of 0.05% (by mass). Determine (a) The mole fraction of water in the brackish water, (b) The minimum
Consider a liquid-vapor mixture of ammonia and water in equilibrium at 30oC. If the molar composition of the liquid phase is 55% NH3 and 45% H2O, determine the composition of the vapor phase of this
Fresh water is to be extracted from brackish water at 15oC with a salinity of 0.1% (by mass). Determine (a) The minimum work required to separate 1 kg of brackish water completely into pure water
In problem 14-2-19 [BOK] change the salinity from 0.05% through 5% and plot how the minimum power requirement varies with the salinity of the brackish water. Problem 14-2-19 Fresh water is to be
A desalination plant produces fresh water from seawater at 10oC with a salinity of 3.1% (on a mass basis) through reverse osmosis at a rate of 1.5 m3/s while consuming 9 MW of power. The amount of
A river discharges fresh water at 20oC at a rate of 20,000 m3/s into an ocean at the same temperature with a salinity of 3.5% (by mass). Determine the amount of power that can be generated if the
A desalination plant produces fresh water through reverse osmosis at a rate of 1m3/s, consuming 6 MW of power. The plant has an energetic efficiency of 20%. Determine the power (W) that can be
Determine the vapor pressure adjacent to the surface of a lake at 15oC (a) Assuming air does not affect the equilibrium between water vapor and liquid water, (b) Taking into account the presence of
For a mixture of saturated vapor and saturated liquid of water at 200oC, use tabulated properties or the PC system state TESTcalc to show that the specific Gibbs functions of the two phases are equal.
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