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organizational behavior and management
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior And Management
A pioneer researcher who introduced the hardiness factor is __________.a. Rosenmanb. Selyec. Kobasad. Richards
True or false: Karoshi is what the Japanese refer to as working oneself to death.a. Trueb. False
Emotional exhaustion is a major concept in discussing __________.a. Type A behaviorb. burnoutc. depersonalizationd. eustress
True or false: There are four different ways to categorize person–environment fit.a. Trueb. False
True or false: The typical Type A behavior pattern (TABP) is considered a moderator of the stressor, stress, and consequences relationship.a. Trueb. False
Stress is considered to be an ______________ response.a. environmentalb. adaptivec. energy accessd. obstacle
A person is in a state of ______________ when compliance with one set of expectations is in conflict with compliance in another set of expectations.a. eustressb. delegationc. role conflictd. status
The underload–overload optimal stress continuum graphically represents ______________.a. a negative thresholdb. an equationc. biochemical changesd. an inverted “U”
True or false: Over a four-year period, Johnson & Johnson’s wellness program saved the company over $38 million.a. Trueb. False
It has been suggested that “stress is in the eyes of the beholder.” What does this mean? Do you agree?
What role can managers play in helping their employees use a problem-focused strategy to cope with excessive job stress?
What are the different kinds of person–environment fit? What can employees and managers do to maximize these different types of fit?
Paul Keller tripped the sequence switches at control monitor 23 in accordance with the countdown instruction just to his left. All hydraulic systems were functioning normally in the second stage of
A(n)__________ is a group of individuals who are working as a unit to complete a project or job assignment.a. informal groupb. command groupc. task groupd. formal group
Assigning group members to a secretive research and development project that operates outside of normal company operations in order to create innovative products is known as a __________ .a. stealth
In a manufacturing setting, employees whose performance is similar to the standard performance of other employees (i.e., group norm) who perform similar tasks are said to be operating in the
Making a group more homogeneous and smaller are two steps that can group__________ members.a. increase conflict amongb. decrease the amount of communication betweenc. have no effect ond. increase
In a work setting, an employee who produces more than anyone else in the group is known as a __________ .a. zone hitterb. rate-busterc. norm expanderd. None of the above (a–c) are correct.
Playing devil’s advocate and inviting outside experts to give feedback on group processes and proposed solutions are two ways to guard against __________.a. group collectivismb. group conflictc.
__________is the deterioration of the mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment of the individual members of a group in the interest of group solidarity.a. Group dissolutionb. Group
A__________ team is a geographically distributed, functionally and/or culturally diverse group of individuals who rely on interactive technology such as e-mail, Web casts, and videoconferencing to
True or false: Communication, conflict resolution, and problem-solving skills will help a person be a better team member.a. Trueb. False
The “performing stage” of group development is characterized by __________.a. terminating group activitiesb. conflict and confrontationc. accomplishing accepted tasksd. developing group cohesion
You will never meet Catherine, Anna, Maria, or Monica. But the future success of Sweden’s Electrolux depends on what these four women think.Catherine, for instance, a Type A career woman who is a
___________conflict is a confrontation or interaction between groups that hinders the achievement of organizational goals.a. Negligentb. Psychologicalc. Task-orientedd. Dysfunctional
True or false: The risk of intergroup conflict is low when two departments (e.g., manufacturing and shipping departments) in a company are sequentially interdependent.a. Trueb. False
In conflict situations where a group’s members feel threatened, a group is likely to do each of the following except __________.a. become more loyal to the groupb. desire strong, autocratic
__________is a type of planned intervention that is meant to build self-awareness and camaraderie among members of a team.a. Team buildingb. Conflict developmentc. Team formationd. Conflict avoidance
Distorted perceptions, negative stereotyping, and decrease in communication are changes __________and occur due to dysfunctional conflict.a. between groupsb. within groupsc. Both a and b are
“The nibble” and “splitting the difference” are both examples of __________.a. intergroup conflictb. team-building exercisesc. negotiation tacticsd. dysfunctional conflict
__________interdependence requires no interaction between groups because each group can perform its tasks separately.a. Pooledb. Jointc. Collectived. Unique
Thinking back to the different approaches to conflict resolution, the__________ approach is when one group places maximum focus on meeting its own concerns.a. avoidingb. collaboratingc.
True or false: The dominating approach to conflict resolution is appropriate to use when your group is certain it is right and where the benefit of a resolution outweighs the drawback of possible
Bringing outside individuals into the group, stimulating competition among groups, and using a devil’s advocate form of programmed conflict are all ways of __________ .a. making groups fight with
True or false: The most important factor in achieving high job performance is an employee’s willingness to perform at that level.a. Trueb. False
There are many steps in the motivational process. Which step follows after identification of need deficiencies and searching for ways to satisfy those needs?a. Goal-directed behaviorb. Performancec.
Maslow’s needs hierarchy, Alderfer’s ERG, and McClelland’s learned needs theories can be classified as ________.a. process theoriesb. content theoriesc. learning theoriesd. both a and c are
Herzberg referred to such components as salary, job security, and working conditions as ________and reasoned that these conditions were needed to keep employees from becoming dissatisfied.a.
________is when an employee feels that the organization has failed to fulfill an unwritten exchange agreement between the individual and the organization.a. Expectancy contract violationb.
______________ motivational theories describe, explain, and analyze how behavior is energized, directed, sustained, and stopped.a. Currentb. Processc. Developmentald. Content
True or false: According to Maslow, “safety and security” needs are higher in the need hierarchy than “esteem” needs.a. Trueb. False
______________ is an area of organizational science research that focuses on the perceived fairness of the communication provided to employees from authorities.a. Procedural justiceb. Informational
True or false: McClelland’s learned needs theory states that motivation is closely linked to learning concepts, and the three learned needs that individuals can possess are the need for
According to equity theory, if an employee feels that she or he is not being treated fairly (e.g., paid less than a co-worker who does not perform well), then this person will try to restore equity
Why is it important for a manager to consider the various components of motivation when diagnosing motivation problems? Is any one of the components more or less important than any of the others?
Think about a challenging work or school project that you have had to undertake.How did you motivate yourself to tackle the project? Were there times when you felt the project was too difficult?
Rigid rankings hinder the teamwork and risk-taking necessary for innovation. But what combination of methods works best?Holiday shopping, year-end deadlines, and emotional family dramas aren’t the
Which of the following factors is not part of the job characteristics model?a. Skill varietyb. Task identityc. Extrinsic motivationd. Autonomy
Intrinsic motivation refers to an employee’s___________ to achieve outcomes from the application of individual ability and talent.a. goal-directed behaviorb. willingnessc. empowermentd. force of
The___________ describes jobs in terms of what the worker does in relation to data, people, and jobs; what methods and techniques the worker uses; and what machines, tools, and equipment the worker
True or false: “Job depth” is the number of operations that an employee performs to complete a job task.a. Trueb. False
Managers can help facilitate___________ by providing employees with direct feedback and learning opportunities, while also offering them unique jobs and the chance to control some aspects of their
True or false: The “position analysis questionnaire” is a method of job analysis that takes into account the human, task, and technological factors of jobs and job classes.a. Trueb. False
An example of a job that is high in depth and high in range is ______________.a. receptionistb. accountantc. president/CEOd. firefighter
True or false: The O*NET is a comprehensive and flexible, Internet-accessible database created by the U.S. Department of Labor that describes occupations.a. Trueb. False
______________ refers to an employee’s connections with other employees within the organization and his or her fit with the job, organization, and community.a. Job embeddednessb. Job connectivityc.
For virtual teams to succeed, which of the following is true?a. Virtual team members must be carefully selected.b. Teams need to develop a sense of purpose and shared goals.c. Trust between team
Why should organizations allow, even encourage, their employees to pursue nonwork hobbies and volunteer opportunities? Would having such opportunities make you more likely to take a job with a
Think about a current or previous job in which you were very motivated. What three factors motivated you the most about that job? Were they intrinsic or extrinsic outcomes?
Part 1 The Hovey and Beard Company manufactured a variety of wooden toys, including animals, pull toys, and the like. The toys were manufactured by a transformation process that began in the wood
True or false: There are many different purposes for conducting performance appraisals, including the identification of high-potential employees and the evaluation of previous training programs.a.
Some performance appraisals have a___________ orientation; whereas other performance appraisals have more of a(n)___________ orientation.a. goal setting; empowermentb. judgmental; developmentalc.
Effort, self-motivation to adjust, and persistence are all elements of the___________ section of the “cognitive model of feedback.”a. behavioral resultsb. mental processingc. cognitive
A___________ feedback program can include evaluations about an employee’s performance from co-workers, supervisors, subordinates, and customers.a. globalb. completec. 360-degreed. certified
___________are behaviors that can be influenced by altering the consequences (rewards and punishments) that follow these behaviors.a. Outcomesb. Reinforcersc. Operantsd. Conditions
According to the terminology associated with reinforcement theory,___________ is the decline in a response rate because of nonreinforcement.a. eradicationb. extinctionc. destructiond. attrition
In the United States, the annual cost of lost productivity due to absenteeism is approximately$___________ billion.a. 15b. 58c. 74d. 91
True or false: Research suggests that giving extrinsic rewards to an employee who already has a high level of intrinsic motivation may result in the employee being less motivated.a. Trueb. False
True or false: Absenteeism in the United States results in more than 500 million lost workdays per year.a. Trueb. False
___________plans provide employees with a share of the financial benefits the organization receives from improved operating efficiencies.a. Variable bonusb. Cafeteria benefitc. Continuous
Why is providing feedback on poor performance a dreaded but necessary management experience?
What are some problems that must be overcome to successfully administer a merit pay plan in an organization? What solutions can you offer for these problems?
Every Friday, Max Steadman, Jim Coburn, Lynne Sims, and Tom Hamilton meet at Charley’s after work for drinks. The four friends work as managers at Eckel Industries, a manufacturer of arc-welding
Anyone working for a company, a project, a joint venture, or in a group that’s been together even for a few months is working in a cultural system. Human beings can’t work around each other for
The most discussed and publicized personality model is called ____________.a. Richard’s Modelb. Introversion Frameworkc. Big Fived. Cyber-personality
____________determines the degree to which individuals believe their behavior influences what happens to them.a. Leadership styleb. Valuesc. Locus of controld. Happiness
The emotional component of an attitude is referred to as ____________.a. intelligenceb. stabilityc. dissonanced. affect
____________is a person’s belief that he or she has the competency to complete a job successfully.a. Self-efficacyb. Self-regulationc. Self-awarenessd. Self-motivation
The attributes that make people different from one another are called ____________.a. backgroundb. diversityc. cultured. heredity
______________ is a personality trait displayed by an employee who is dependable, organized, responsible, and thorough.a. Conscientiousnessb. Agreeablenessc. Opend. Extroverted
The most important factor in developing positive self-efficacy is ______________.a. intelligenceb. past experiencec. attituded. self-concept
True or false: The SAS Institute offers a generous family-friendly package of benefits aimed to boost employee morale on the job. ______________a. Trueb. False
Attitudes consist of three components. Two of these are behavior and affect. What is the third component?a. Styleb. Responsec. Cognitiond. Impression
______________ is a learned talent that an employee has acquired to complete and perform a task as expected.a. Abilityb. Personalityc. Mental traitd. Skill
Mark, a project leader in Austin, Texas, needed a new software engineer for his eight-person team. He used his network, reviewed résumés, and invited 15 candidates for interviews. In addition he
Perception is based on __________.a. current eventsb. attitudesc. prior experienced. archival data
The mildest form of emotions is called __________.a. fearb. surprisec. moodsd. preferences
has proposed a view that considers intelligence to include multiple branches___________ verbal, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal.a. Graysonb. Gardnerc. Heiderd.
__________is concerned with the process by which individuals interpret events around them as being caused by a relatively stable portion of their environment.a. Perception theoryb. Stereotypingc.
When a person (e.g., manager) allows one important or noticeable characteristic of another person to bias the evaluation, perception, or impression of that person, it is called the
The term “emotional intelligence” was a term first used by ______________.a. Golemanb. Gardnerc. Salovey and Mayerd. Drucker
True or false: Selective attention refers to the fact that people give some messages no priority at all and emphasize selected ones.a. Trueb. False
A positive self-fulfilling prophecy is called the ______________ effect.a. biasb. stereotypec. Pygmaliond. Golem
The attempt to influence others’ perception of oneself is called ______________.a. impression managementb. assimilationc. integrationd. attitude change
The ability of people to understand and manage their personal feelings and emotions as well as their emotions toward other individuals, events, and objects is called ______________.a. general
Chairs? There is not much that can be said about chairs, right? Some are comfortable, some are not;some are cushy, some are firm. Since that is just about the whole story on the subject, I never
Change seems to be a fact of life, yet in Texas some things remain the same, such as people’s love for Texas-style barbecue. As you drive from Houston to Waco, for example, you will see many
An organization (also a smaller unit such as a department) has how many cultural layers?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four
What process should a manager be familiar with in terms of transmitting cultural signals?a. Reorganizationb. Delegationc. Reverse engineeringd. Socialization
Which of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions was identified as a result of a collaboration with Chineseresearchers?a. Individualismb. Long-term orientationc. Power distanced. Uncertainty avoidance
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