Oxalic acid, H₂C₂O₄, which is found in certain plants, can provide two hydronium ions in water. Write balanced equations (like those for sulfuric acid on page 142) to show how oxalic acid can supply one and then a second H₃O⁺ ion.

Data given in page 142

 

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Hydrochloric acid, a strong acid. 100% ionized. Equilibrium strongly favors products. + H₂O(l) H₂0+ (aq) + CL-(aq) HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid strong electrolyte = 100% ionized water CH3CO₂H(aq) acetic acid In contrast, CH3CO₂H, a weak electrolyte and weak acid, ionizes only to a small extent. Acetic acid, a weak acid, << 100% ionized. Equilibrium favors reactants. + H₂O(l) CH3CO₂ (aq) + hydronium ion Strong acid: H₂SO4 (aq) + H₂O(l) sulfuric acid 100% ionized Weak acid: HSO (aq) + H₂O(C) hydrogen sulfate ion <100% ionized water acetate ion hydronium ion Sulfuric acid, a diprotic acid (an acid capable of transferring two H+ ions), reacts with water in two steps. The first step strongly favors products, whereas the second step is reactant-favored. H₂0+ (aq) + hydronium ion chloride ion HSO₂ (aq) hydrogen sulfate ion H₂0+ (aq) + SO² (aq) hydronium ion sulfate ion H3O+(aq)