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statistics
elementary statistics in social research
Questions and Answers of
Elementary Statistics In Social Research
Using the frequency distribution constructed in Example 1, find the midpoint, relative frequency, and cumulative frequency of each class. Describe any patterns.Data from Example 1The data set lists
Draw a frequency histogram for the frequency distribution in Example 2. Describe any patterns.Data from Example 2Using the frequency distribution constructed in Example 1, find the midpoint, relative
Draw a frequency polygon for the frequency distribution in Example 2. Describe any patterns.Data from Example 2Using the frequency distribution constructed in Example 1, find the midpoint, relative
Draw a relative frequency histogram for the frequency distribution in Example 2.Data from Example 2Using the frequency distribution constructed in Example 1, find the midpoint, relative frequency,
Draw an ogive for the frequency distribution in Example 2.Data from Example 2Using the frequency distribution constructed in Example 1, find the midpoint, relative frequency, and cumulative frequency
Use technology to construct a histogram for the frequency distribution in Example 2.Data from Example 2Using the frequency distribution constructed in Example 1, find the midpoint, relative
Number of classes: 6 Data set: Amounts (in dollars) spent on conveyance for a quarter of a year.Construct a frequency distribution for the data set using the indicated number of classes. In the
Number of classes: 6 Data set: January production (in units) for 21 manufacturing plants of a multinational company Construct a frequency distribution and a frequency histogram for the data set
Number of classes: 5 Data set: Strengths (in parts per thousands) of 24 acids Construct a frequency distribution and a frequency histogram for the data set using the indicated number of classes.
Number of classes: 8 Data set: Response times (in days) of 30 males to a test drive survey Construct a frequency distribution and a frequency histogram for the data set using the indicated number
Number of classes: 8 Data set: Bowling speeds (in kilometers per hour) of 21 bowlers in a cricket series Construct a frequency distribution and a frequency histogram for the data set using the
Number of classes: 6 Data set: Ages of the U.S. presidents at Inauguration Construct a frequency distribution and a frequency polygon for the data set using the indicated number of classes.
Number of classes: 5 Data set: Regnal years of the monarchs of Great Britain Construct a frequency distribution and a frequency polygon for the data set using the indicated number of classes.
Data set: Ratings from 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest) provided by 36 people after taste testing a new flavor of ice cream.Construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency histogram for the
Data set: Years of service of 28 best drivers in a city in France Construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency histogram for the data set using five classes. Which class has the
Data set: Weights (in kilograms) of 28 adult male polar bears Construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency histogram for the data set using five classes. Which class has the greatest
Data set: Systolic blood pressure levels (in millimeters of mercury) of 28 patients Construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency histogram for the data set using five classes. Which
Data set: Retirement ages of 35 Statistics professors Construct a cumulative frequency distribution and an ogive for the data set using six classes. Then describe the location of the greatest
Data set: Daily calorie intakes (in kilojoules) of 28 people Construct a cumulative frequency distribution and an ogive for the data set using six classes. Then describe the location of the greatest
Data set: Number of accidents per day in a city Use the data set and the indicated number of classes to construct(a) an expanded frequency distribution,(b) a frequency histogram,(c) a frequency
Number of classes: 6 Data set: Number of stars in the Chinese Hellenistic constellations Use the data set and the indicated number of classes to construct(a) an expanded frequency distribution,(b)
The data set at the left lists the numbers of text messages sent in one day by 50 cell phone users. Display the data in a stem-and-leaf plot. Describe any patterns. Number of Text Messages Sent 76 49
Organize the data set in Example 1 using a stem-and-leaf plot that has two rows for each stem. Describe any patterns.Data from Example 1The data set at the left lists the numbers of text messages
Use a dot plot to organize the data set in Example 1. Describe any patterns.Data from Example 1The data set at the left lists the numbers of text messages sent in one day by 50 cell phone users.
The numbers of earned degrees conferred (in thousands) in 2014 are shown in the table at the right. Use a pie chart to organize the data. Earned Degrees Conferred in 2014 Type of Number degree (in
In 2014, these were the leading causes of death in the United States.Accidents: 136,053 Cancer: 591,699 Chronic lower respiratory disease: 147,101 Heart disease: 614,348 Stroke (cerebrovascular
The British statistician Ronald Fisher introduced a famous data set called Fisher’s Iris data set. This data set describes various physical characteristics, such as petal length and petal width (in
The table lists the number of motor vehicle thefts (in millions) and burglaries (in millions) in the United States for the years 2005 through 2015. Construct a time series chart for the number of
Use a stem-and-leaf plot to display the data, which represent the humidity (in percentages) in the atmosphere as measured in 20 different days in a city.Organize the data using the indicated type of
Use a stem-and-leaf plot to display the data, which represent the numbers of hours 24 students study per week.Organize the data using the indicated type of graph. Describe any patterns. 20 24 25 18
Use a stem-and-leaf plot to display the data, which represent the runs scored by a batsman in a World Cup series.Organize the data using the indicated type of graph. Describe any patterns. 70 75 71
Use a stem-and-leaf plot to display the data shown in the table at the left, which represent the drunk driving cases registered at 30 strategic road intersections.Organize the data using the
Use a stem-and-leaf plot that has two rows for each stem to display the data, which represent the incomes (in millions) of the top 30 highest-paid tech CEOs.Organize the data using the indicated type
The salaries (in thousand dollars) of a sample of 10 employeesOrganize the data using the indicated type of graph. Describe any patterns. 225 410 368 310 228 298 361 159 486 296
Use a dot plot to display the data, which represent the blood glucose levels (in milligrams per deciliter) of 24 patients at a pathology laboratory.Organize the data using the indicated type of
Use a dot plot to display the data, which represent the weights (in kilograms) of 20 polar bears.Organize the data using the indicated type of graph. Describe any patterns. 426 428 436 545 510 386
The five countries that have won the FIFA World cup more than once include Uruguay (2), Italy (4), Germany (4), Brazil (5), and Argentina (2). Use a Pareto chart to display the data.Organize the data
Use a scatter plot to display the data shown in the table at the left. The data represent the numbers of coaching hours and the hourly fees (in dollars) of 12 cricket coaches.Organize the data using
Use a scatter plot to display the data shown in the table at the left. The data represent the numbers of coaching hours and the hourly fees (in dollars) of 12 cricket coaches.Organize the data using
Tourism Use a time series chart to display the data shown in the table. The data represent the percentages of Egypt’s gross domestic product (GDP) that come from the travel and tourism
The weights (in pounds) for a sample of adults before starting a weight-loss study are listed. What is the mean weight of the adults? 274 235 223 268 290 285 235
Find the median of the weights listed in Example 1.Data from Example 1The weights (in pounds) for a sample of adults before starting a weight-loss study are listed. What is the mean weight of the
In Example 2, the adult weighing 285 pounds decides to not participate in the study. What is the median weight of the remaining adults?Data from Example 2Find the median of the weights listed in
Find the mode of the weights listed in Example 1.Data from Example 1The weights (in pounds) for a sample of adults before starting a weight-loss study are listed. What is the mean weight of the
At a political debate, a sample of audience members were asked to name the political party to which they belonged. Their responses are shown in the table.What is the mode of the responses? Political
The table at the left shows the sample ages of students in a class. Find the mean, median, and mode of the ages. Are there any outliers? Which measure of central tendency best describes a typical
Your grades from last semester are in the table. The grading system assigns points as follows: A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, D = 1, F = 0. Determine your grade point average (weighted mean). Final Grade
The frequency distribution at the left shows the out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenses (in dollars) for 30 U.S. adults in a recent year. Use the frequency distribution to estimate the mean
The SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) is investigating a financial services company. The company being investigated has 86 brokers. The SEC decides to review the records for a random sample of
A quality control department is testing 25 smartphones from a shipment of 300 smartphones. Describe how this test could be done. Then use technology to generate a list of 25 random numbers from 1 to
Consider the population of ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.Select three random samples of five digits from this list. Find the average of each sample.Compare your results with the
Consider the population of 41 whole numbers from 0 to 40.What is the average of these numbers? Select three random samples of seven numbers from this list.Find the average of each sample. Compare
Use random numbers to simulate rolling a six-sided die 60 times. How many times did you obtain each number from 1 to 6? Are the results what you expected?
You rolled a six-sided die 60 times and got the following tally. 20 ones 20 twos 15 threes 3 fours 2 fives 0 sixes Does this seem like a reasonable result? What inference might you draw from the
Use random numbers to simulate tossing a coin 100 times. Let 0 represent heads, and let 1 represent tails.How many times did you obtain each number? Are the results what you expected?
You tossed a coin 100 times and got 77 heads and 23 tails. Does this seem like a reasonable result? What inference might you draw from the result?
A political analyst would like to survey a sample of the registered voters in a county. The county has 47 election districts. How could the analyst use random numbers to obtain a cluster sample?
Breeds of horses participating in a horse race. Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) codes.Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.
Blood pressure levels of athletes participating in a race.Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.
Speeds of bullet trains.Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.
Colors of fabrics at a clothing store.Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.
Widths of veins in different species of leaves.Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.
Weights of bricks at a construction site.Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.
Marital statuses mentioned in an employment form.Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain your reasoning.
The ranks that China secured at the Summer Olympics in different years are listed.Determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain your reasoning. 42 11 4 4 3 1 2 3
The top ten business schools in the United States for a recent year according to Forbes are listed.1. Stanford2. Harvard3. Northwestern (Kellogg)4. Columbia5. Dartmouth (Tuck) 6. Chicago (Booth)7.
The flight numbers of 21 departing flights from Chicago O’Hare International Airport on an afternoon in October of 2016 are Determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain your
The times of the day when a multiplex shows a popular movie are listed:Determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain your reasoning. 9:00 A.M. 9:10 A.M. 9:25 A.M. 9:40 A.M. 10:35 A.M.
The number of pages per chapter of a novel are listed.Determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain your reasoning. 45 50 50 52 61 39 41 52 55 43 28 36 44 48 39
The items below appear on a school’s admission form. Determine the level of measurement of the data for each category.(a) Gender(b) Previous grade level completed(c) Religion(d) Month of birth
The items below appear on a movie rating website. Determine the level of measurement of the data for each category.(a) Year of release(b) Number of awards won(c) Genre(d) Star ratingDetermine whether
The number of washing machines produced at six different manufacturing plants of a multinational company are listed.Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative, and determine the level
Olympics The number of gold, silver, and bronze medals awarded at the 2008 Olympic Games are listed.301 302 349Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative, and determine the level of
Chess The list of the top 10 chess players in the world released in March 2018 is given.1. Carlsen2. Mamedyarov3. Kramnik4. So5. Aronion6. Vachier-Lagrave7. Nakamura8. Caruana9. Giri10.
For more than 50 years, The Harris Poll has conducted surveys using a representative sample of people in the United States. The surveys have been used to represent the opinions of people in the
Determine whether each study is an observational study or an experiment.1. Researchers study the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation among patients with antibody deficiency or frequent respiratory
A company wants to test the effectiveness of a new gum developed to help people quit smoking. Identify a potential problem with each experimental design and suggest a way to improve it.1. The company
There are 731 students currently enrolled in a statistics course at your school.You wish to form a sample of eight students to answer some survey questions.Select the students who will belong to the
You are doing a study to determine the opinions of students at your school regarding stem cell research. Identify the sampling technique you are using when you select the samples listed. Discuss
A researcher wants to study the effects of dieting on obesity. Eighteen people volunteer for the experiment: Lewis, Alice, Raj, William, Edwin, Mercer, Edgar, Bill, Zoya, Kate, Lara, Bertha, Dennis,
Participants of an experiment are numbered from 1 to 80. The participants are to be randomly assigned to two different groups. Use a random number generator different from the one you used in
After an election, a constituency is divided into 50 equal areas. Twelve of the areas are selected, and every occupied household in the area is interviewed to help focus political efforts on what
A sample executive is chosen from each department of an organization for a survey.Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain.
From visits made to randomly generated house numbers, 1638 residents are asked if they own a vehicle or not.Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any).
Every sixth customer entering an ice cream parlor is asked to name his or her favorite flavor of ice cream.Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any).
The most popular model of mobile phone among 4,00,000 mobile phone purchasers Determine whether you would take a census or use a sampling. If you would use a sampling, determine which sampling
The average height of the 264 students of a high school.Determine whether you would take a census or use a sampling. If you would use a sampling, determine which sampling technique you would use.
How much water do you drink on an average day?Determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording.
Why does listening to music while studying increase the chances of retention?Determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording.
What do you think about the battery backup of the mobile phone?Determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording.
Forty-two professors in Pennsylvania were surveyed concerning their opinions of the current education policy of the state.Identify the population and the sample. Describe the sample data set.
In a recent study of physics majors at a university, 12 students were minoring in math.Determine whether the number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain your reasoning.
Which part of the survey described in Exercise 3 represents the descriptive branch of statistics? Make an inference based on the results of the survey.Determine whether the number describes a
The ages of a sample of 430 employees of a software company Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.Explain your reasoning.
The IQ levels of the students of a secondary school Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.Explain your reasoning.
The genders of a sample of 1,000 students of a university Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.Explain your reasoning.
The income groups for a sample of city residents are listed.Determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain. Low Middle High
A professor asks 20 students to participate in a student reaction survey.Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain.
A researcher surveys every tenth house for average family incomes.Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain.
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