is there an example in the text where design principles were met/achieved or not metot achieve make a first person comment on it

rivers. These processes reduce the ability of ecosystems to absorb surplus water, causing flood events. Figure 5.3 shows the distribution of damage due to floods over the past 20 years. Note that most damage occurs in the large river basins, such as the Mississippi, the Rhine, the Ganges and the Mekong. A third theme is water distribution. An increasing share of food production is dependent on irrigation where water is distributed from sources (rivers, ground water, lakes, etc), to individual plots of land. About 70% of global freshwater supply is used to irrigate small plots (over 90% of plots worldwide are less than 2 hectares or about 4 football fields). In order to get available water to the right location at the right time, considerable infrastructure is required in the form of irrigation systems and the institutions required to run them. Figure 5.4 shows the distribution of irrigation areas around the world. Note that the proportion of irrigated land is highest in south Asia. A large proportion of this land is used to grow rice. Finally, there is a problem with water pollution. Waterways can become polluted since rivers are used as sewage systems and to dispose of industrial waste in many countries around the world. Even countries that have developed extensive public infrastructure for waste management still face problems associated with the pollution of waterways. Some of the most common pollutants in rivers in the U.S., for example, are nitrates and phosphates picked up when rain water flows off of agricultural fields into rivers. Such pollution is a classic case of a negative externality: those who benefit from activities that cause the pollution are not the same people who experience the negative effects. Someone pollutes the water upstream causing damage downstream. We will now present a number of cases in more detail to analyze the social dilemmas involved and the various ways people have dealt with these dilemmas