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college physics reasoning
Questions and Answers of
College Physics Reasoning
A delivery truck with \(2.8-\mathrm{m}\)-high aluminum sides is driving west at \(75 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}\) in a region where the earth's magnetic field is \(\vec{B}=\left(5.0 \times 10^{-5}
Michael Faraday unsuccessfully attempted to measure the potential difference across the River Thames due to the flow of water (which is a good conductor due to dissolved salts) in the earth's field.
Figure P25.9 is an edge-on view of a 10-cm-diameter circular loop rotating in a uniform \(0.050 \mathrm{~T}\) magnetic field. What is the magnetic flux through the loop when \(\theta\) is
At a typical location in the United States, the earth's magnetic field has a magnitude of \(5.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~T}\) and is at a \(65^{\circ}\) angle from the horizontal. What is the flux
A 1000-turn coil of wire \(2.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) in diameter is in a magnetic field that drops from \(0.10 \mathrm{~T}\) to \(0 \mathrm{~T}\) in \(10 \mathrm{~ms}\). The axis of the coil is parallel to
Figure P25.16 shows a 100-turn coil of wire of radius \(12 \mathrm{~cm}\) in a \(0.15 \mathrm{~T}\) magnetic field. The coil is rotated \(90^{\circ}\) in \(0.30 \mathrm{~s}\), ending up parallel to
Figure P25.17 shows a 10-cm-diameter loop in three different magnetic fields. The loop's resistance is \(0.10 \Omega\). For each case, determine the induced emf, the induced current, and the
The plane of a loop of wire is perpendicular to a magnetic field. Rank, from greatest to least, the magnitudes of the loop's induced emf for the following situations:A. The magnetic field strength
Patients undergoing an MRI occasionally report seeing flashes of light. Some practitioners assume that this results from electric stimulation of the eye by the emf induced by the rapidly changing
The loop in Figure P25.20 has an induced current as shown. The loop has a resistance of \(0.10 \Omega\). Is the magnetic field strength increasing or decreasing? What is the rate of change of the
A 5.0-cm-diameter loop of wire has resistance \(1.2 \Omega\). A nearby solenoid generates a uniform magnetic field along the axis of the loop that varies with time as shown in Figure P25.22. Graph
A 20-cm-circumference loop of wire has a resistance of \(0.12 \Omega\). The loop is placed between the poles of an electromagnet, and a field of \(0.55 \mathrm{~T}\) is switched on in a time of \(15
The magnetic field at the earth's surface can vary in response to solar activity. During one intense solar storm, the vertical component of the magnetic field changed by \(2.8 \mu \mathrm{T}\) per
A typical helium-neon laser found in supermarket checkout scanners emits \(633-\mathrm{nm}\)-wavelength light in a 1.0 -mm-diameter beam with a power of \(1.0 \mathrm{~mW}\). What are the amplitudes
The magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is \(B_{2}=(3.0 \mu \mathrm{T}) \sin \left(\left(1.0 \times 10^{7}\right) x-2 \pi f t\right)\), where \(x\) is in \(\mathrm{m}\) and \(t\) is
A \(200 \mathrm{MW}\) laser pulse is focused with a lens to a diameter of\(2.0 \mu \mathrm{m}\). What is the laser beam's electric field amplitude at the focal point?
The intensity of a polarized electromagnetic wave is \(10 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\). What will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the following angles
A low-power college radio station broadcasts \(10 \mathrm{~W}\) of electromagnetic waves. At what distance from the antenna is the electric field amplitude \(2.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~V} /
One recent study has shown that \(\mathrm{x}\) rays with a wavelength of \(0.0050 \mathrm{~nm}\) can produce mutations in human cells.a. Calculate the energy in \(\mathrm{eV}\) of a photon of
Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light using a photopigment called rhodopsin. \(1.8 \mathrm{eV}\) is the lowest photon energy that can trigger a response in rhodopsin. What is the maximum
Extremely high-energy photons of \(2.0 \times 10^{13} \mathrm{eV}\) are occasionally observed from distant astronomical sources. What are the corresponding wavelength and frequency?
If A 193-nm-wavelength UV laser for eye surgery emits a \(0.500 \mathrm{~mJ}\) pulse. How many photons does the light pulse contain?
The human eye can barely detect a star whose intensity at the earth's surface is \(1.6 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\). If the dark-adapted eye has a pupil diameter of \(7.0
A particular species of copepod, a small marine crustacean, emits a flash of light consisting of \(1.4 \times 10^{10}\) photons at a wavelength of \(490 \mathrm{~nm}\). The flash lasts for \(2.4
Our sun's \(5800 \mathrm{~K}\) surface temperature gives a peak wavelength in the middle of the visible spectrum. What is the minimum surface temperature for a star whose emission peaks at some
The star Sirius is much hotter than the sun, with a peak wavelength of \(290 \mathrm{~nm}\) compared to the sun's \(500 \mathrm{~nm}\). It is also larger, with a diameter 1.7 times that of the sun.
The photon energies used in different types of medical x-ray imaging vary widely, depending upon the application. Single dental \(x\) rays use photons with energies of about \(25 \mathrm{keV}\). The
A python can detect thermal radiation with intensity greater than \(0.60 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\). A typical human body has a surface area of \(1.8 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\), a surface temperature of
If astronomers look toward any point in outer space, they see radiation that matches the emission spectrum of an object at 2.7 K, a remnant of the Big Bang. What is the peak wavelength of this
A 25-turn, 10.0-cm-diameter coil is oriented in a vertical plane with its axis aligned east-west. A magnetic field pointing to the northeast decreases from \(0.80 \mathrm{~T}\) to \(0.20
People immersed in strong unchanging magnetic fields occasionally report sensing a metallic taste. Some investigators suspect that motion in the constant field could produce a changing flux and a
Currents induced by rapid field changes in an MRI solenoid can, in some cases, heat tissues in the body, but under normal circumstances the heating is small. We can do a quick estimate to show this.
It The loop in Figure P25.62 is being \(750 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) pushed into the \(0.20 \mathrm{~T}\) magnetic field \(B^{\circ}=0^{\circ} 20^{\circ}{ }^{\circ}{ }^{\circ}\). at \(50
A 20-cm-long, zero-resistance wire is pulled outward, on zero-resistance rails, at a steady speed of \(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) in a \(0.10 \mathrm{~T} \mathrm{mag}\) netic field. (See Figure
A TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) device creates very rapidly changing magnetic fields. The field near a typical pulsed-field machine rises from \(0 \mathrm{~T}\) to \(2.5 \mathrm{~T}\) in
When the Voyager 2 spacecraft passed Neptune in 1989, it was \(4.5 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~km}\) from the earth. Its radio transmitter, with which it sent back data and images, broadcast with a mere
In reading the instruction manual that came with your garagedoor opener, you see that the transmitter unit in your car produces a \(250 \mathrm{~mW}\) signal and that the receiver unit is supposed to
Unpolarized light passes through a vertical polarizing filter, emerging with an intensity \(I_{0}\). The light then passes through a horizontal filter, which blocks all of the light; the intensity
A light-emitting diode (LED) connected to a \(3.0 \mathrm{~V}\) power supplyemits \(440 \mathrm{~nm}\) blue light. The current in the LED is \(10 \mathrm{~mA}\), and the LED is \(60 \%\) efficient at
A \(1000 \mathrm{kHz}\) AM radio station broadcasts with a power of \(20 \mathrm{~kW}\). How many photons does the transmitting antenna emit each second?
The human body has a surface area of approximately \(1.8 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\), a surface temperature of approximately \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), and a typical emissivity at infrared wavelengths of
What is the wavelength of \(27 \mathrm{MHz}\) radio waves?A. \(11 \mathrm{~m}\)B. \(9.0 \mathrm{~m}\)C. \(0.011 \mathrm{~m}\)D. \(0.009 \mathrm{~m}\)Radio waves and microwaves are used in therapy to
If the frequency of the radio waves is increased, the depth of penetrationA. IncreasesB. Does not change.C. Decreases.Radio waves and microwaves are used in therapy to provide "deep heating" of
For \(27 \mathrm{MHz}\) radio waves, the wave intensity has been reduced by a factor of 3 at a depth of approximately \(15 \mathrm{~cm}\). At this point in the tissue, the electric field amplitude
The metal detector will not detect insulators becauseA. Insulators block magnetic fields.B. No eddy current can be produced in an insulator.C. No emf can be produced in an insulator.D. An insulator
A metal detector can detect the presence of metal screws used to repair a broken bone inside the body. This tells us that A. The screws are made of magnetic materials.B. The tissues of the body are
Which of the following changes would not produce a larger eddy current in the metal?A. Increasing the frequency of the oscillating current in the transmitter coilB. Increasing the magnitude of the
Circuit 1 and circuit 2 at right each has a Circuit 1 combination of resistors connected between points a and b. Which circuit has the greater equivalent resistance between points a and b?A. Circuit
An AC current with a peak value of 1.0 A passes through bulb A. A DC current of 1.0 A passes through an identical bulb B. Which bulb is brighter?A. Bulb AB. Bulb BC. Both bulbs are equally bright.
Each of the transformers shown here has its primary connected to a 120 V AC power supply and its secondary connected to a 1000 flload resistor. Rank the transformers, from highest to lowest, by the
Rank the following four devices by the energy they use for the time period given, from highest to lowest:A. Electric blanket (60 W) used for 8 hB. Flat-screen television (120 W) for 3 hC. Whole-house
Suppose a current enters the body at one point and exits at another. Using the model of resistance of the body presented in Figure 26.13 rank the following current paths in terms of resistance, from
A capacitor is attached to an AC voltage source. Which change will result in a doubling of the current?A. Halving the voltage and doubling the frequencyB. Doubling the frequencyC. Halving the
An inductor is attached to an AC voltage source. Which change will result in a halving of the current?A. Halving the voltage and doubling the frequencyB. Doubling the frequencyC. Halving the
Consider the oscillation circuit shown in Figure 26.23. During the portion of the cycle when the capacitor's top plate is positive and the amount of charge is increasing, the current through the
Example 17.5 showed that a thin film whose thickness is one quarter of the wavelength of light in the film serves as an antireflection coating when coated on glass. In Example 17.5, \(n_{\text {film
Give a specific example of a process that has the energy changes and transfers described. (For example, if the question states " \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{th}}>0, W=0\)," you are to describe a process that
Give a specific example of a process that has the energy changes and transfers described. (For example, if the question states " \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{th}}>0, W=0\)," you are to describe a process that
Give a specific example of a process that has the energy changes and transfers described. (For example, if the question states " \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{th}}>0, W=0\)," you are to describe a process that
Give a specific example of a process that has the energy changes and transfers described. (For example, if the question states " \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{th}}>0, W=0\)," you are to describe a process that
Give a specific example of a process that has the energy changes and transfers described. (For example, if the question states " \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{th}}>0, W=0\)," you are to describe a process that
Give a specific example of a process that has the energy changes and transfers described. (For example, if the question states " \(\Delta E_{\mathrm{th}}>0, W=0\)," you are to describe a process that
A proton with an initial speed of \(800,000 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) is brought to rest by an electric field.a. Did the proton move into a region of higher potential or lower potential?b. What was
\(\mathrm{A}+25 \mathrm{nC}\) charge is at the origin. How much farther from the charge is the \(2000 \mathrm{~V}\) equipotential surface than the \(3000 \mathrm{~V}\) surface?
a. What is the electric potential at points A, B, and C in Figure P21.16?b. What is the potential energy of an electron at each of these points?c. What are the potential differences \(\Delta
A 1.0-cm-diameter sphere is charged to a potential of \(3400 \mathrm{~V}\). How much charge is on the sphere?
a. What is the potential difference between the terminals of an ordinary AA or AAA battery? (If you're not sure, find one and look at the label.)b. An AA battery is connected to a parallel-plate
Three electrodes, \(1-3\), are attached to a patient as shown in Figure P21.26. During ventricular depolarization (see Figure 21.29), across which pair of electrodes is the magnitude of the potential
A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a battery and stores \(4.4 \mathrm{nC}\) of charge. Then, while the battery remains connected, a sheet of Teflon is inserted between the plates.a. Does the
A parallel-plate capacitor is charged by a \(12.0 \mathrm{~V}\) battery, then the battery is removed.a. What is the potential difference between the plates after the battery is disconnected?b. What
Two uncharged metal spheres, spaced \(15.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) apart, have a capacitance of \(24.0 \mathrm{pF}\). How much work would it take to move \(12.0 \mathrm{nC}\) of charge from one sphere to the
What is the change in electric potential energy of a \(3.0 \mathrm{nC}\) point charge when it is moved from point A to point B in Figure P21.46? 5.0 cm A 25.0 nC 1.5 cm FIGURE P21.46 B
A \(-50 \mathrm{nC}\) charged particle is in a uniform electric field \(\mathbb{N}\). \(\vec{E}=(10 \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\), east \()\). An external force moves the particle \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\)
At a distance \(r\) from a point charge, the electric potential is\(3000 \mathrm{~V}\) and the magnitude of the electric field is \(2.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\).a. What is the
II The \(4000 \mathrm{~V}\) equipotential surface is \(10.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) farther from a positively charged particle than the \(5000 \mathrm{~V}\) equipotential surface. What is the charge on the
A proton follows the path shown in Figure P21.63. Its initial speed is \(v_{0}=1.9 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). What is the proton's speed as it passes through point \(\mathrm{P}\) ? 4.0
Suppose that a molecular ion with charge \(-10 e\) is embedded within the 5.0-nm-thick cell membrane of a cell with membrane potential \(-70 \mathrm{mV}\). What is the electric force on the molecule?
A parallel-plate capacitor is charged to \(5000 \mathrm{~V}\). A proton is fired into the center of the capacitor at a speed of \(3.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\), as shown in Figure
A proton is released from rest at the positive plate of a parallel-plate capacitor. It crosses the capacitor and reaches the negative plate with a speed of \(50,000 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). What
In proton-beam therapy, a high-energy beam of protons is fired at a tumor. The protons come to rest in the tumor, depositing their kinetic energy and breaking apart the tumor's DNA, thus killing its
Two 10.0-cm-diameter electrodes \(0.50 \mathrm{~cm}\) apart form a parallel-plate capacitor. The electrodes are attached by metal wires to the terminals of a \(15 \mathrm{~V}\) battery. After a long
Two 10.0 -cm-diameter electrodes \(0.50 \mathrm{~cm}\) apart form a parallel-plate capacitor. The electrodes are attached by metal wires to the terminals of a \(15 \mathrm{~V}\) battery. What are the
Figure P21.80 shows a series of equipotential curves.a. Is the electric field strength at point A larger than, smaller than, or equal to the field strength at point B? Explain.b. Is the electric
Figure P21.81 shows the electric potential on a grid whose squares are \(5.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) on a side.a. Reproduce this figure on your paper, then draw the \(50 \mathrm{~V}, 75 \mathrm{~V}\), and
A capacitor consists of two 6.0-cm-diameter circular plates separated by \(1.0 \mathrm{~mm}\). The plates are charged to \(150 \mathrm{~V}\), then the battery is removed.a. How much energy is stored
The highest magnetic fields in the world are generated when large arrays, or "banks," of capacitors are discharged through the copper coils of an electromagnet. At the National High Magnetic Field
What is the approximate magnitude of the electric field between the charge center and the ground?A. \(4 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\)B. \(4 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}\)C. \(4
Which of the curves sketched in Figure P21.87 best approximates the shape of an equipotential drawn halfway between the charge center and the ground?Storm clouds build up large negative charges, as
What is the approximate capacitance of the charge center + ground system?A. \(6 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~F}\)B. \(2 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{~F}\)C. \(4 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~F}\)D. \(8 \times 10^{6}
If \(12.5 \mathrm{C}\) of charge is transferred from the cloud to the ground in a lightning strike, what fraction of the stored energy is dissipated?A. \(12 \%\)B. \(25 \%\)C. \(50 \%\)D. \(75
If the cloud transfers all of its charge to the ground via several rapid lightning flashes lasting a total of \(1 \mathrm{~s}\), what is the average power?A. \(1 \mathrm{GW}\)B. \(2 \mathrm{GW}\)C.
An older camera has a lens with a focal length of \(50 \mathrm{~mm}\) and uses 36-mm-wide film to record its images. Using this camera, a photographer takes a picture of the Golden Gate Bridge that
In Figure P19.6 the camera lens has a \(50 \mathrm{~mm}\) focal length. How high is the man's well-focused image on the CCD detector? Camera FIGURE P19.6 10 m 2.0 m
Martin has severe myopia, with a far point of only \(17 \mathrm{~cm}\). He wants to get glasses that he'll wear while using his computer, whose screen is \(65 \mathrm{~cm}\) away. What refractive
Mary, like many older people, has lost all ability to accommodate and can focus only on distant objects. She'd like to get reading glasses so that she can read a book held at a comfortable distance
The diameter of a penny is \(19 \mathrm{~mm}\). How far from your eye must it be held so that it has the same apparent size as the moon? (Use the astronomical data inside the back cover.)
A magnifier has a magnification of \(4 \times\) for someone with a normal near-point distance of \(25 \mathrm{~cm}\). What is the magnification of this lens when used by a person with a near-point
A forensic scientist is using a standard biological microscope with a \(15 \times\) objective and a \(5 \times\) eyepiece to examine a hair from a crime scene. How far from the objective is the hair?
A microscope with an 8.0 -mm-focal-length objective has a tube length of \(16.0 \mathrm{~cm}\). For the microscope to be in focus, how far should the objective lens be from the specimen?
Your telescope has a 700-mmfocal-length objective and a 26-mm-focal-length eyepiece. One evening you decide to look at the full moon, which has an angular size of \(0.52^{\circ}\) when viewed with
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