1. Elaine is a chemist. (C)

2. Nancy is not a sales clerk. (S)

3. Neither Wordsworth nor Shelley was Irish. (I)

4. Rachel is either a journalist or a newscaster. (J, N)

5. Intel designs a faster chip only if Micron does. (D)

6. Belgium and France subsidize the arts only if Austria or Germany expand museum holdings. (S, E)

7. All maples are trees. (M, T)

8. Some grapes are sour. (G, S)

9. No novels are biographies. (N, B)

10. Some holidays are not relaxing. (H, R)

11. If Gertrude is correct, then the Taj Mahal is made of marble. (C, M)

12. Gertrude is not correct only if the Taj Mahal is made of granite. (C, G)

13. Tigers exist. (T)

14. Anything that leads to violence is wrong. (L, W)

15. There are pornographic art works. (A, P)

16. Not every smile is genuine. (S, G)

17. Every penguin loves ice. (P, L)

18. There is trouble in River City. (T, R)

19. Whoever is a socialite is vain. (S, V)

20. Any caring mother is vigilant and nurturing. (C, M, V, N)

21. Terrorists are neither rational nor empathic. (T, R, E)

22. Nobody consumed by jealousy is happy. (C, H)

23. Everything is imaginable. (I)

24. Ghosts do not exist. (G)

25. A thoroughbred is a horse. (T, H)

Translate the following statements into symbolic form. Avoid negation signs preceding quantifiers. The predicate letters are given in parentheses.