Question: A data source produces 7-bit IRA characters, to each of which is appended a parity bit. Derive an expression for the maximum effective data rate

A data source produces 7-bit IRA characters, to each of which is appended a parity bit. Derive an expression for the maximum effective data rate (rate of IRA data bits) over an R-bps line for the following:
a. Asynchronous transmission, with a 1.5-unit stop bit
b. Bit-synchronous transmission, with a frame consisting of 48 control bits and 128 information bits
c. Same as (b), with a 1024-bit information field
d. Character-synchronous, with 9 control characters per frame and 16 information characters
e. Same as (d), with 128 information characters

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