A spaceship moves at a constant velocity of 0.40c relative to an Earth observer. The pilot of the spaceship is holding a rod, which he measures to be 1.0 m long.
(a) The rod is held perpendicular to the direction of motion of the spaceship. How long is the rod according to the Earth observer?
(b) After the pilot rotates the rod and holds it parallel to the direction of motion of the spaceship, how long is it according to the Earth observer?