An apparatus commonly used for measuring the reflectivity of materials is shown below. A water-cooled sample, of 30-mm diameter and temperature Ts = 300 K, is mounted flush with the inner surface of a large enclosure. The walls of the enclosure are gray and diffuse with an emissivity of 0.8 and a uniform temperature Tf = 1000 K. A small aperture is located at the bottom of the enclosure to permit sighting of the sample or the enclosure wall. The spectral reflectivity PA of an opaque, diffuse sample material is as shown. The heat transfer coefficient for convection between the sample and the air within the cavity, which is also at Tf 1000 K, is h = 10W/m2 ? K.

(a) Calculate the absorptivity of the sample.

(b) Calculate the emissivity of the sample.

(c) Determine the heat removal rate (W) by the coolant.

(d) The ratio of the radiation in the A direction to that in the B direction will give the reflectivity of the sample. Briefly explain why this is so.

Water-cooled housing Sample 0.8 0.2 4 6 8 10