Archeologists have found that humerus bones from the same species of animal tend to have approximately the same length-to-width ratios. It is known that species A exhibits a mean ratio of 8.5.Suppose 41 fossils of humerus bones were unearthed at an archeological site in East Africa, where species A is believed to have lived. (Assume that the unearthed bones were all from the same unknown species.) The length-to-width ratios of the bones are listed in the following table.

a. Test whether the Population mean ratio of all bones of this particular species differs from 8.5. Use α = .01.
b. What are the practical implications of the test you conducted in part a?

9.98 9.84 10.73 8.89 8.71 8.87 8.91 11.77 8.80 9.07 9.20 10.33 9.94 9.59 6.85 9.57 9.29 8.07 8.37 6.66 9.35 8.86 9.39 9.17 9.89 11.67 8.48 8.52 9.41 10.48 10.39 8.38 6.23 9.93 8.17 12.00 8.93 9.38 8.30 9.17 10.02