Archeologists have found that humerus bones from the same species of animal tend to have approximately the same length-to-width ratios. It is known that species A exhibits a mean ratio of 8.5.Suppose 41 fossils of humerus bones were unearthed at an archeological site in East Africa, where species A is believed to have lived. (Assume that the unearthed bones were all from the same unknown species.) The length-to-width ratios of the bones are listed in the following table.

a. Test whether the Population mean ratio of all bones of this particular species differs from 8.5. Use α = .01.
b. What are the practical implications of the test you conducted in part a?

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9.98 9.84 10.73 8.89 8.71 8.87 8.91 11.77 8.80 9.07 9.20 10.33 9.94 9.59 6.85 9.57 9.29 8.07 8.37 6.66 9.35 8.86 9.39 9.17 9.89 11.67 8.48 8.52 9.41 10.48 10.39 8.38 6.23 9.93 8.17 12.00 8.93 9.38 8.30 9.17 10.02