As described in A Word About . . . Green Chemistry: Alternative Uses for Carbohydrates (page 484),

Question:

As described in "A Word About . . . Green Chemistry: Alternative Uses for Carbohydrates" (page 484), succinic acid can be prepared enzymatically from renewable resources, such as glucose. Suggest a chemical synthesis to convert succinic acid to
a. 1,4-butanediol
b. succindiamide
c. 1,4 diaminobutane